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Industrial type of society: Organic solidarity - organic analogy - society is like the human body... society is made up of people with specialist skills working together, performing different roles to enable society to function, just like organs in a body... however organs are specialised in their own roles... Durkheim states that this is what industrial society is like
What are the two types of society called?
Industrial society
The speed of social change concerned Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity is when people in society are individualistic
Mechanical solidarity maintains traditional small society's
Organic solidarity is pre-industrial
Durkheim has a beard
Durkheim believes religion is supernaturally inspired
Durkheim rejected the idea of crime
1) MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY - (works together=collectivist, farming) which maintains traditional small societies (pre-industrial period) whereby people are concerned with performing he same everyday tasks i.e. feeding the family. They share the same beliefs and concerns - a collective concierge that bound them so tightly together that modern day 'individuality' did not exist. Religion was also a key institution.
2) ORGANIC SOLIDARITY - (individualist=specialist skills/roles so rely less on others) which maintains large, more diverse societies (industrial period) whereby social breakdown is prevented by division of labour (e.g. jobs become specialised) this encourages individuality compared to pre-industrial whereby people were apart of a collectivist culture.
Durkheim rejected the definition of crime, which would constitute the commonsense of any society, that crimes are acts that are harmful to society. He pointed to the enormous variations between societies in the acts, which have been regarded as criminal in order to justify the claim that conceptions of crime are rooted in the social evil represented by particular actions. The only attribute applicable to crimes in general is that they are socially proscribed and punished. Durkheim agreed with low levels of crime, but disagreed when crime got out of control. For example the London riots; Durkheim disagreed with them and saw them as a bad implication on society.
Durkheim was concerned with the speed of social change as he believed it would create aname (chaos). change from the pre-industrial society -simple social structure (collectivist)....
TO ....
industrial society - a complex society, with a specialized society, resulting in a division of labour as everyone is individualistic
Religion was not divinely or supernaturally inspired, but is a product of society. Religion acts as a source of solidarity and identification for individuals, especially as a part of mechanically solidarity systems. It provides meaning for life, authority figures and reinforces morals and social norms. It provides social control, cohesion, purpose for people and gathers individuals to interact. He also identified elements of religious beliefs common across different cultures.
Pre-industrial society
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