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Commas &
1
Transitional Expressions
Transitional expressions like
however
therefore
moreover
for example
as a matter of fact
in other words
bridge sentences or sections of sentences.
What if the transitional phrase comes in the middle of the sentence?
Example
1) As a matter of fact, American football was established by fans who wanted to play a more organized game of rugby.
If the transitional phrase comes at the start of a sentence, a comma comes after it.
Minh did not understand our language; moreover, he was unfamiliar with our customs.
Two punctuation marks:
Semicolon before
comma after
Example
Examples
When Irwin was ready to iron, his cat tripped on the extension cord.
Near a small stream at the bottom of the canyon, the park rangers discovered an abandoned mine.
This introductory phrase gives information about WHERE the action happened.
Participle Phrases
Thinking his motorcade drive through Dallas was routine, President Kennedy smiled and waved at the crowds.
Commas
Help the Reader
Introductory Phrases
- They tell the reader
how
when
where
why
and under what conditions
- The comma tells the reader when the background information has ended and the real sentence starts.
Confusing: If you cook Elmer will do the dishes.
While we were eating a rattlesnake approached out campsite.
AWR: 259-266