COVERT

Thought Stopping

• the word stop is said suddenly and emphatically soon after the person starts to describe or concentrate on an unwanted thought

Meditation

Self-Statements

• The process of contemplating or focusing the attention on certain objects,events, and ideas.

Distraction

• positive and negative things that can be said to ourselves

• individuals shift their attention from a CS that elicits a CER to overt or covert stimuli that are unrelated to the CER

Autogenetic Training

2 Types:

• Coping Statements: things people say to themselves that emphasize their ability to tolerate unpleasant situations
• Reinterpretative Statements: are declarations people make to themselves that redefine a situation or giving a reason to view it differently

works best momentarily and in mildly stressful experiences

not as effective as using self-statements

Rapid Relaxation induction

• Auto" self" genic "produced by"
• Being able to relax in a peaceful setting and experience specific bodily sensations.
• This procedure is instructed by a therapist or and instructor on a tape. The individual then imagines they are somewhere pleasant (the beach) to become more relaxed.

• it is used as a shortening to the standard technique
• three components that are useful are verbal cues, breathing exercises and cognitive images.

Covert

Covert Conditioning

Covert methods are extremely useful when certain stimuli is too threatening or inconvenient to present in real life

• an array of imagery based conditioning methods that was developed
• all components of the conditioning process are imagined (antecedents, target behavior, and consequences)

Progressive Muscle Relaxation

Covert Sensitization

When faced with a stressful situation you would force a muscle tension anywhere in the body and then release as a technique to calm yourself

• pairs in the target person's imagination an existing antecedent, or CS, with aversive events that serve either as a US (respondent conditioning) or as a punisher (operant conditioning)

RELAXATION TECHNIQUES

• know to help with alcoholism, nail-biting, and sexual deviant behaviors

• Relaxation is a state of reduced psychological and physiological tension or arousal
• Relaxation techniques are recognized as a form of therapeutic strategies in which treats psychological/ medical problems like asthma, high blood pressure, migraines, and cancer chemotherapy reactions

Cognitive Behavioral Coping Techniques

COVERT

• Self-Statements
• Thought Stopping
• Distractions

Desensitization

*CER (conditioned emotional response)

• Cognitive processes can exaggerate people's experiences of a CS

PRECIOUS HUNTER

ASHLEY RIDDICK

• also known as Covert Positive Reinforcement
• imagine performing a target behavior that is followed by a pleasant event
• known to help anxieties and phobias
• Covert Modeling