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The Tonga Trench
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Transcript
What is the Tonga Trench?
- The Tonga Trench is an oceanic trench
- An oceanic trench is a long, deep, and dark depression in the ocean floor
- It is the second largest trench in the world, after the Marianas Trench, which is the largest
- Down in the depths of the trench, the water is around 1.1 degrees Celsius, which is close to freezing
- The Tonga Trench is 10,882 m deep below sea-level, and has a width of about 80 km
- The deepest point of the trench is called the "Horizon Deep"
How it was formed
Where is it located?
At the subduction zone, the denser Pacific Plate is being subducted under the Indo-Australian Plate, forming the trench.
Oceanic trenches are formed at convergent plate boundaries, when tectonic plates move toward each other, and collide. The Tonga Trench is formed at an oceanic vs. oceanic plate boundary, where the denser oceanic plate is subducted under the other oceanic plate. When the edge of a tectonic plate begins to subduct into the mantle, it pulls the rest of the plate as well.
- The Tonga Trench is located in the South Pacific Ocean
- It is on the Northern end of the Kermadec-Tonga Subduction Zone, which is an active subduction zone
- Forms the Eastern boundary of the Tonga Ridge
- It is north/north-east of the North Island of New Zealand
Converging Rate
Because the Earth's tectonic plates are constantly on the move, shifting around the surface of the Earth, the plates are bound to collide, move apart, and slide past each other, known as convergent, divergent and transform boundaries.
In 1986, the estimated rate of convergence was about 15 centimeters per year. Recently, a Global Positioning Satellite measured a rate of 24 centimeters per year, which is the fastest plate movement recorded on Earth!
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The Tonga Trench
By Chloe Jahn
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