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Transcript

Nature of the Concept

Reason, separate from all empirical experience, can determine the principle according to which all ends can be determined as moral. It is the fundamental principle of moral reason that is known as the categorical imperative.

The capacity that underlies deciding what is moral is called pure practical reason. It is the process of determining what ought to be done without reference to empirical contingent factors in contrast with pure reason, which is the capacity to know without having been shown and mere practical reasons which allow us to interact with the world in experience.

Deontology vs Utilitarianism

Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives

Normative Criticism

Hypothetical imperatives tell you what to do in order to achieve a particular goal while Categorical imperatives tell us what to do irrespective of our desires.

First Formulation

The Golden Rule

Inquiring Murder

Questioning Autonomy

" Act only in accordance to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction "

Immanuel Kant

Birth date : April 22, 1724

Place of birth : Konigsberg, Russia

Second Formulation

Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher during the Enlightenment era of the late 18th Century.

"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end."

The Three Formulations

Categorical Imperative

While tutoring, he published science papers, including "General Natural History and Theory of the Heavens in 1755. He spent the next 15 years as a metaphysics lecturer. In 1781, he published the first part of Critique of Pure Reason. He published more critiques in the years preceding his death, on February 12, 1804 in Konigsberg, now Kaliningrad.

Normative Interpretation

The categorical imperative is a deontological ethical theory, which means it is based on the idea that there are certain objective ethical rules in the world. It may be defined as a way of evaluating motivations for action.

Deception

Theft

Suicide

Laziness

Charity

Cruelty to animals

Deontology comes from the Greek word "deon" meaning duty. In other words, deontologically minded philosophers believe we have a duty to act in certain ways, in accordance with moral laws.

Third Formulation

" Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends. "

references

http://www.biography.com/people/immanuel-kant-9360144#synopsis

http://moral philosophy.info/info/normative-ethics/deontology/

Immanuel kant's categorical imperative

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_imperative

https://poignantboy.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/a-brief-summary-of-kants-categorical-imperative/

bb.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtml

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