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Outline of Deprivation Model
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The Deprivation Model of Prison Aggression
Evaluation Points
Outline of Deprivation Model
Evaluation Points
Haslam and Reicher (2006) - in their BBC prison study (based on Zimbardo's Stanford Prison experiment), they found that participants behaviour could not be explained purely due to allotted roles, but also due to social identity.
Megargee (1976) - aggression in prisons is negatively correlated to the amount of living space, suggesting that when a prison is overcrowded, management strategies occur which lead to fewer opportunities for inmates to interact. This contradicts with Johnston (1991) who found that overcrowding in prisons increased aggression levels as there was competition for resources.
Early explanations of prison aggression suggested that aggression originates from the daily deprivations of prison life. Sykes (1958) argued that the 5 deprivations are liberty (freedom), autonomy (power and choices), good and services, heterosexual relationships and security.
Evaluation Points
Situational explanations - don't explain why prison riots suddenly happen when there are no new environmental factors. Levels of deprivation in prisons are fairly constant, but violence can still happen suddenly. More recent research focuses on relative deprivation (what you think you should have vs. what you actually have).
Evaluation Points
Light (1991) - 25% of prison assaults occurred for no apparent reason. This makes it difficult to conduct research and draw firm conclusions about prison aggression.
Reicher and Haslam's Prison Experiment
McCorkle et al (1995) - examined individual and collective acts of aggression in 371 US prisons. Found that the deprivation model was not correct as there was a stronger link between prison practices and levels of violence, suggesting that aggression occurs due to poor management strategies.