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The biggest critic is Joshua Gunn
How symbolic convergence can hurt people.
Bormann, E., Craan, J., Sheilds, D. (1994). In defense of symbolic convergence theory:
A look at the theory and its criticisms after two decades. Communication Theory, 4, 259.
Gudykunst, W. (2001). Three decades of symbolic convergence theory. In W. Gudykunst (25th ed.), Communication yearbook (p.271-313) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hirokawa, R. Y., & Poole, M. S. (1996). Communication and group decision making. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bormann, EG 1982, 'The Symbolic Convergence Theory of Communication: Applications
and implications for teachers and consultants',
Journal of Applied Communication Research,
vol10, no. 1, Spring82, p. 50.
Gunn, develops these criticisms extensively in a 2100-word section labeled: “The Fruits and Failures of the Force of Fantasy.”See “Refiguring,” 48–52.
Bormann, Ernest (4 April 1982). "The Symbolic Convergence Theory of Communication: Applications and Implications for Teachers and Consultants". Communication and Mass Media 10 (1): 1–2. Retrieved 12-2-12.
Cragan, JF & Shields, DC 1992, ‘The Use of Symbolic Convergence Theory in Corporate Strategic Planning: A Case Study’, Journal of Applied Communication Research, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 199-218.
Youtube videos
Now that you have been introduced to Symbolic Convergence theory, you will be able to apply the theory to future situations. It doesn't take a communication scholar to recognize the symbolic convergence theory in everyday life!!!
Emphasizes the sharing of group "fantasies" (creative interpretations) as a method of developing shared meaning.