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Chordate Family Tree
Chordates:
subPhylum cephalochordata:
Subphylum urochordata:
subphylum vertebrata:
(aka Turnicates)
They have a notochord present throughout life time (aka headless chordates)
Chordates with back bones (aka Mammals)
Class Mammalia
class Agnatha
Class Osteichthyes
Class Reptilia
Class Amphibia:
class Aves
Class Chondrichthyes
(aka Mammals)
(aka jawless fish)
(aka Bony Fish)
(aka cartilaginous fish)
(aka Reptiles)
(aka amphibians )
(aka Birds)
General Characteristics:
General Characteristics:
General Characteristics
General Characteristics:
General Characteristics:
Class Ascidiacea
(aka turnicates)
- Includes lampreys and hagfishes
- Absent jaws
- Paired fins are absent
- Heavy bony scales and plates in the skin of early species
- Lacks a stomach
- Seven or more paired gills
- Skeletons are cartilaginous
-Includes;
-Waterproof skin covered in feathers
-Beak or bill rather than teeth
-Bipedal (walk on two legs only)
-Forelimbs developed into wings
-Most members are highly adapted for flight
-Includes; Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, Alligators/Crocodiles
- Dry, skin with scales; glandless skin that resists desiccation
-Lay eggs on dry land
-Exclusively internal fertilization
-No larval stages
-Usually 3 chamber hearts
- Includes; salamanders, frogs, toads, and caecilians
-Being tetrapods (4 limbs) that facilitate moving about on land - these limbs evolved from the pectoral and pelvic fins
- Skin is thin, soft, glandular and magid (lack scales except in the caecilians) - skin of caecilians with scales similar to those of fish
- Ectothermic
- Both gill and lung breathers - usually gills in the larval stage, replaced by lungs in the adult
- Includes sharks, rays, chimaeras, and skates
- Have paired fins, hard scales, a two- chambered hearts, and a pair of nostrils
- Has five to seven gill slits on each side of the body
- Swims side to side moving their head and tail
- Fins stabilize the shark when swimming
- All chondrichthyes are are carnivores
- Includes:
- skeleton at least partly composed of true bone instead of cartilage. (which is why they're called bony fish)
-gill covers over the gill chamber
-Boney plate like scales
-skull with structures
-external fertilization of eggs but can be internal
-freshwater and ocean environments (deep sea, caves, thermal springs, and vents)
-endothermy
-hair/fur
-diaphram
-four-chambered heart
-mammary glands
-lower jaw made of a single bone
-diphyodonty
-three middle ear bones
Class amphioxus
General Characteristics:
Yellow Tang Fish
Great white shark
(aka lancets)
General Characteristics
- Includes sessile tunicates or sea squirts
- Has over 3000 species in the marine world
- Adult ascidiaceans does not look like a typical chordates
- may differnt types and physical differences
- varies thickness between species resembling cartilige
-notochords last throughout life time
and run throughout the body
-live in maine habitats and contract muscles
to swim
-no true skeleton
-simple digestive system
- respiratory system (using gill slits) solely
breathe through their skin
-usually only eat and arent useful for other things