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Benefits of TOS
*ensures that the assessment has content validity
*ensures that the same emphasis on content during instruction is mirrored in assessment
*ensures alignment of test items with objectives
*ensures that the content is not overlooked or underemphasize.
Guide lines in writing test items.
*avoid wording that is ambiguous and confusing.
*use appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure
*keep questions short and to the point
*write items that have one correct answer
*do not provide clues to the answer.
Frame work of TOS
*a plan teachers, decide the subject matter in which to test
*a test map that guides teacher
*a table specification consists of a two way chart or grid
*the column of the chart list of the objectives
*the rows list the key concepts or content the test is to measure
* We have found it useful to represents the relation of content and behavior in the form of two dimensional tables with the objectives on one axis the content on the other. The cells in the table represent the specific content in the relation to particular objective or behavior…
CONSTRUCTING THE DRAFT TEST ITEMS..
TRY OUT AND VALIDATION
PREPARING A TABLE OF SPECIFICATION (TOS)
DECIDING ON THE TYPE OF OBJECTIVE TEST TO BE PREPARED
IDENTIFYING TEST
OBJECTIVES
Purpose of TOS
*to ensure that there exist correspondence between the learning objectives for the students and the content of the course
*to ensure proper organization of assessment procedures that best represent the material covered in teaching learning process