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By Luis Ong

The Dynamic

Earth

The Structure of the Earth

Lithosphere-is the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.

Asthenosphere- the solid, plastic layer of the mantle below the lithosphere.

-Made of mantle rock that flows slowly, allows tectonic plates to move

  • The Earth's outer core is a dense liquid layer

The Composition of the Earth

  • Scientists divide the Earth into three layers:
  • The inner and outer core make up about 1/3 the Earth's mass

-The Crust -The Mantle -The Core

  • The Mantle is the layer of rock between the crust and core
  • The crust is the thin, and solid outermost layer of the Earth

-Made up of rocks of medium density

-Makes up about 64 percent of the Earth's mass

-Makes up less than 1 percent of the Earth's mass

  • The core is the central part of the Earth below the mantle.

-5 to 8 kilometers thick beneath the oceans

-Composed of the densest elements

-20 to 70 kilometers thick beneath the continents.

solid inner core

-Has a liquid outer core and a

-The thinnest layer

  • These layers become progressively denser
  • The mantle is the layer of rock between the crust and the core
  • The core is the central part of the Earth below the mantle.
  • Seismologists measure changes in the speed and direction of seismic waves the penetrate the interior of the planet.

Discovering Earth's Interior

-They learned that the Earth is made up of different layers and have inferred what substances that make up each layer.

  • Scientists use seismic waves to learn about the Earth's Interior
  • Seismic waves are the same waves that travel through the Earth's interior during an earthquake
  • Ex.) When you tap a Melon to see if its ripe
  • A seismic wave is altered by nature of the material through which it travels
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