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Contaminants such as these are capable of entering the water supply due to the use of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, dumping of chemical waste, sewer defects, naturally occurring chemicals and minerals, and malfunctioning water waste treatment systems.
The Free Chlorine Residual must be more than 0.05 mg/L to safely kill certain bacteria and other threats.
There must be no E.Coli or TotColi, the BGK maximum is 1, and the HPC maximum is 33.
Around $95 million went into the Welland Water treatment Plant in 2011 for repairs, but despite the large amount, it is the lesser of two options, the other being piping in water from other Water Plants. These are necessary costs though, as clean, safe, healthy water is essential.
Chemical contaminants such as acids can kill necessary and/or helpful bacteria, reduce plant growth, and heavy metals can interfere with brain and nerve development in vertebrates. Chlorine can affect the immune systems, respiratory systems, blood and hearts of animals, and it irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory system of humans in large quantities.
Harmful bacteria such as E.Coli can cause infections and/or illness, and in severe cases can result in death.
Common Water Contaminants Routinely Tested For
The water cleansing and cleaning process
Stage 1: Preliminary Treatment
Filter Screens are used to remove physical contaminants, such as litter, dirt/grit, garbage, and other large contaminants.
Stage 2: Secondary Treatment
Natural micro-organisms are used to break down organic pollutants. Then both the micro-organisms and the excess pollutants settle at the bottom of a tank, where they are concentrated as sludge. Some of the sludge is reused to provide more microorganisms for the next cycle, and the water moves on to the final treatment.
Stage 3: Tertiary Treatment
Disinfectants are used in the final stage, to rid the water of any micro-organisms (pathogens) that pose a threat to human health. These disinfectants include chlorine, which is also tested for to ensure no hazardous levels of it are present.