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  • The amount of Chlorine
  • E Coli
  • Total Coliforms (non-escherichia coli)
  • HPC
  • BKG

Contaminants such as these are capable of entering the water supply due to the use of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, dumping of chemical waste, sewer defects, naturally occurring chemicals and minerals, and malfunctioning water waste treatment systems.

Chemistry Unit 4 Project: Water Quality

Water Treatment In Welland

The Free Chlorine Residual must be more than 0.05 mg/L to safely kill certain bacteria and other threats.

There must be no E.Coli or TotColi, the BGK maximum is 1, and the HPC maximum is 33.

Effect on the Economy

Around $95 million went into the Welland Water treatment Plant in 2011 for repairs, but despite the large amount, it is the lesser of two options, the other being piping in water from other Water Plants. These are necessary costs though, as clean, safe, healthy water is essential.

Contaminants Effects on the Environment and human health

Chemical contaminants such as acids can kill necessary and/or helpful bacteria, reduce plant growth, and heavy metals can interfere with brain and nerve development in vertebrates. Chlorine can affect the immune systems, respiratory systems, blood and hearts of animals, and it irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory system of humans in large quantities.

Harmful bacteria such as E.Coli can cause infections and/or illness, and in severe cases can result in death.

Common Water Contaminants Routinely Tested For

The water cleansing and cleaning process

Stage 1: Preliminary Treatment

Filter Screens are used to remove physical contaminants, such as litter, dirt/grit, garbage, and other large contaminants.

Stage 2: Secondary Treatment

Natural micro-organisms are used to break down organic pollutants. Then both the micro-organisms and the excess pollutants settle at the bottom of a tank, where they are concentrated as sludge. Some of the sludge is reused to provide more microorganisms for the next cycle, and the water moves on to the final treatment.

Stage 3: Tertiary Treatment

Disinfectants are used in the final stage, to rid the water of any micro-organisms (pathogens) that pose a threat to human health. These disinfectants include chlorine, which is also tested for to ensure no hazardous levels of it are present.

Not only does Welland meet it's water treatment standards, but it also goes above those standards. The City of Welland recently received ISO 9001:2008 registration for its drinking waters quality. It is one of few municipalities in the Province to achieve this prestigious designation.

References

The Corporation of the city of Welland. (n.d.). Drinking Water Quality Assurance Program. In City of Welland, from http://www.welland.ca/Eng/WaterReports.asp.

Regional Municipality of Niagara. (2013). Water Quality Reports- Welland. In Niagara Region, from http://niagararegion.ca/living/water/welland.aspx.

Almario, A. Bermas, J. Catabay, S.. (March 1 2013). Wastewater Treatment. In Prezi, from http://prezi.com/sqb60craltcy/wastewater-treatment/.

Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. (June 29, 2012). Drinking Water. In CDC - Drinking Water FAQ, from http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/public/drinking-water-faq.html.

Forsyth, P. (May 19th 2011). Welland water plant could cost $95 million. In NiagaraThisWeek, from http://www.niagarathisweek.com/news/news/article/1012122.

The Corporation of the city of Welland. (2012). Drinking Water Quality Assurance Program. In City of Welland: Water Quality, from http://www.welland.ca/Eng/waterqtr/WaterQ2012-1.html.

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