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Mobilizing America

What was America able to do at the beginning of the war?

  • Win a war on two fronts
  • Create an industrial monster
  • Break down walls of segregation

Army United?

  • Even though FDR promoted recruiting African Americans, Army was still segregated.

  • AA soldiers didn't train with whites
  • Had separate barracks, latrines, and mess halls

  • Formed into own military units w/ a white officer in command.

  • "DOUBLE V" Campaign
  • Join the war to achieve a double victory
  • Victory over Hitler's racism abroad
  • Victory over racism @ home

Preparing for War

  • After Pearl Harbor, US had to prepare for war.
  • Churchill is happy that US is in the war.
  • Industrial strength will win the War.
  • US is the strongest industrial giant
  • Twice as effective as Germans
  • 5 Times more effective than Japanese
  • Cost-plus Contract
  • Gov't pay cost to transition, plus % of profit.

Women in the Army

Army Training

  • First allowed women in the army in 1942.
  • Women's Army Auxiliary Corp
  • Not an official part of the Army

  • Replaced by Women's Army Corp (WAC)
  • Did not serve in combat
  • Many jobs were clerical and administrative.
  • "You have a debt and a date"

  • Another 64,000 served as nurses
  • Military not ready for these draftees
  • Trained with sticks for guns
  • Rocks for grenades
  • Cars labeled tanks

  • Most spent 8 weeks at training
  • Mainly taught to pack a bag
  • Map out locations
  • Most importantly they formed a unit

Mobilizing for War

  • Some companies couldn't afford to switch over.
  • Solution:
  • Reconstruction Finance Corporation
  • Loan companies the money to convert
  • Biggest Conversions
  • Automobile Industry
  • Perfect for mass production of jeeps, trucks, and tanks
  • Critical to War effort.

Mobilizing (Cont'd)

  • Shipyards Converted over.
  • Henry Kaiser matches Henry Ford
  • Liberty Ships
  • Basic cargo ship
  • Unique because they were welded not riveted.
  • Cheap and Easy to build
  • Harder to sink

Building an Army

  • Building weapons and ammunitions was only half of it, needed someone to fight.

  • Days after Poland being invaded FDR expanded US army to 210,000

  • Selective Service and Training Act
  • First peacetime draft in US history
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