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During the months of April to October, there is an average 71% of sunlight. During the months of November to March, there is an average of 78% of sunlight.
Atmosphere
On the day of the summer solstice (southern hemisphere) , the sun rises at a 94 degree angle. This increases the amount of sunlight for the coming months. On the equinoxes, the sun changes to a 91 degree angle, creating a slight difference in the sunlight. On the day of the winter solstice (southern hemisphere) , the sun rises at a 88 degrees.
The average amount of daylight in Indonesia is around 12 hours.
Hydrosphere
During the monsoon season (November to March), there is an average of 42% of cloud coverage. During the dry season (April to October), there is an average of 24% of cloud coverage.
Since sunlight is a critical part of plant life, competition over it is high. With multiple plant variations, trees grow higher to receive the most amount of sunlight. Their leaves, branches and trunks form canopies, so very little rays of sun reach the forest floor.
Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the solid shell of planet Earth. It contains the crust or upper mantle that affect heat transport throughout the earth.
Two types of lithosphere:
Oceanic lithosphere, oceanic crust and exists in the ocean basins. Oceanic lithosphere is 50–100 km thick
Continental lithosphere, continental crust. Continental lithosphere has a range in thickness from about 40 km to perhaps 200 km, about 40 km is crust.
The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates.
The oceanic lithospheres are always younger than the continental lithospheres.
Characteristics of the lithosphere is following the flow properties.
Long term low intensity stress that drive tectonic motion result in the rigid shell of the lithosphere to deform.
Climate Change
Humans have not left this rainforest untouched, logging and agriculture have cut this biome down to half it's size. This activity has endangered many species including the Bengal tiger and the Titan Arum flower.
With a population of over 250 million, there is still an out lying 30 million below the poverty line.
We are researching the Indonesian Rainforest. 20% of the Earth's remaining rainforest is in Indonesia. 80% of Indonesia used to be covered by the rainforest but since then has been reduced to 49%.
Adaptations
-Have nocturnal vision that allows them to see well in the dark forest, and gives them advanced vision at night which aids in hunting. (This vision is caused by a special adaptation in the retina, allowing more light in.)
-Tigers are able to use infra sound to hear, which allows them to hear through the thick shrubbery of the lower levels of the rain forest. this helps them to locate prey and communicate with one another.
-Bengal Tigers have enlarged, strong teeth which allow them to take down and kill the tough skinned mammals of the Indonesian rainforest.
-These tigers also have large white spots on the edge of their ears, so that cubs are able to locate their parents in the dark of the underbrush.
-Has a sweet smell that attracts prey. (Carrion beetle & sweat bees)
-Can only grow and survive 120-365 meters above sea level.
-Vaporizes oils to create scent.
-Raises internal temp to help create scent.
-Creates illusion of radiating light to attract prey at night.
-Forms a waterproof bag around itself by a special bracht.
Did you know?
The Bengal Tiger has a speed of 90km/h which is 25m/s!
The Korowai tribes build their homes usually 140 ft off the ground high up in the canopy on the Indonesian rainforest. Due to the increase of the logging of this habitat, their culture is at risk for depletion or extinction.
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Jaya, Indonesia’s equatorial glaciers, massive ice fields and sea ice are disappearing fast. When temperatures rise and ice melts, water increases in volume. This causes ocean water to warm and increases the average global sea level. Flooding can also happen in low lying landscapes, salt water can spoil fresh water for drinking and agricultural uses. A disastrous event like this would affect the welfare of many countries including Indonesia.
An estimated 1,500 islands are vulnerable to changes in sea levels. Studies from The Strait Times says these islands will be under water by 2050. Indonesia has already lost 24 islands between 2005 and 2007 to rising sea levels because of climate change found in the research from Marine Affairs and Fisheries report. Climate change is worse for Indonesia because of other economic factors in the country.