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Explain how Fordism affected the economy industry during the 19th and 20th century; and how Post-Fordism is affecting the industry today.
2. As a national accumulation (or growth) regime: involves a virtuous cycle of mass production and mass consumption
1. Serves as an industrial example: involves mass production of standardized goods on a moving assembly line
4. Form of social life: characterized by mass media, mass transport, and mass politics. Fordist mode of growth became dominant in advanced capitalism during postwar reconstruction and is often credited with facilitating the long postwar boom
3. Mode of Regulation: comprises an institutionalized compromise between organized labor and big business; monopolistic competition between large firms; centralized financial capital, deficit finance, and credit-based mass consumption; state intervention to secure full employment and establish a welfare state, and the embedding of national economies in a liberal international economic order
Post fordism allows different parts of a whole to be produced in different places around the world and then brought together to meet market demand.
Post-fordism is now a world economic system characterized by a more flexible set of production practices in which goods are not mass-produced, but instead, production has been accelerated and dispersed around the globe by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing it around the world and bringing places together in time and space than would have been imaginable at the beginning of the twentieth-century.
Fordism: A practical Application that is still being used today such as a factory assembly line for bottling of ketchup, mustard, and salsa.
Post-Fordism: A practical application would be the manufacturing of cars in which the different components are made in different places but eventually come together for the finished project.
In a Fordist production system, parts are produced, built, and made into a whole in one vicinity and then shipped to some place else to be used. he transport function in such an environment is relying on economies of scale with delays at transfer points such as ports and rail yards.
In a Post-Fordist environment, supply chain management tends to "reduce the need for warehousing and increase the integration between elements of the value chain in a complex network of relationships" (e.g. outsourcing). Parts of the whole adapt to constant fluctuations in the amount, origins and destinations of cargo flows. The transport function is closely integrated to production and distribution and is the main element minimizing delays and warehousing.
Automobile Industries in the 19th to the 20th century: The Ford Motor Company was one of several hundred small automobile manufacturers that emerged between 1890 and 1910. After five years of producing automobiles, Ford introduced the Model T, which was simple and light, yet sturdy enough to drive on the country's primitive roads. The mass production of this automobile lowered its unit price, making it affordable for the average person. Furthermore, Ford substantially increased its workers' wages. These factors led to massive consumption. In fact, the Model T surpassed all expectations, because it attained a peak of 60% of the automobile output within the United States.
Japan: Post-World War II changes in production in Japan that caused post-Fordist conditions to develop.there were changes to company structure, including the replacement of independent trade unions with pro-management, company-based unions; the development of a core of permanent male multi-skilled workers; and the development of a periphery of untrained temporary and part-time employees, who were mostly female.
Fordism is a highly organized and specialized system for organizing industrial production and labor. Fordist production features assembly-line production of standardized components for mass consumption.
Fordism
Mass Production
Structured (Pyramidal)
Supply (Production)
Regional / National
Vertical or horizontal integration
Monthly / Weekly
Physical Assets
Discontinuous
Months
Weeks / Months
Years
Affordable Best
Characteristics
Production Mode
Organization
Focus
Market Reach
Expansion
Information
Core Resources
Value Chains
Inventories
Production Cycle Time
Product Life Cycle
Quality
Post-Fordist
Mass Customization
Networked (Flexible)
Demand (Market)
Global
Outsourcing and offshoring
Daily / Real-Time
Innovation / Knowledge / Network
Integrated (continuous)
Hours
Days
Months
Zero-Defect