Time Line of The History of Humanitarian Aid

1919 League of Red cross societies founded-To later become the International Federation of Red Cross

Eglantyne Jebb (25 August 1876- 17 December 1928) was a British social reformer and founder of Save the Children.

taken: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englantyne_Jebb

World War I and the Birth of NGOs

1919 Saved the Children was founded, a program with advocacy to start, then moved into relief as did Radda Barnen in Sweden that same year.

Taken from: "Schweiz Genf IRK-Museum" Licensed under CCBY-SA3.0 vi Wikimedia Commons-http://commomns.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File: Schweiz_Genf_IRK-Museum.jpg#/media/File:Schweiz_Genf_IRK-mUSEUM.JPG

1864 12 nation conference Geneva convention-Amelioration of wounded – first rules of war created (IHL)

Poster Urging Women to join the war effort, posted by the Young Women Christian Association

Taken: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I

The signed Document

First Nobel Peace Price 1901

Henry Dunant and Frederic Passy, 1901 first Nobel Peace Price award.

1863 conference 16 countries participated creation of International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC)

Key agreements:

• Each country shall have a Committee to assist the army medical corp
• Each entity will have Pre-authorization from the Govt
• During peace time, Instruct and prepare in peace time

The Aftermath of the Battle

The Battle of Solferino June 24 1859, in Modern day Italy

Henry Dunant, in 1859 visited the area of the battle a day after it ended. 23 thousand wounded, dying and dead remained on the battlefield and there appeared to be little attempt to provide care. Dunant with the support of the civilian population, specially women and girls, provided assistance to the injured and sick soldiers. The efforts lacked materials and supplies, and Dunant help organized the purchase of needed materials and helped erect makeshift hospitals. He encourage the population to service the wounded without regard to their side in the conflict. Following the slogan "Tutti fratelli" (All are brothers) coined by the women of nearby city Catiglio delle Stiviere. Taken from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Dunant

Henry Dunant. (May 8, 1828- October 30, 1910) A Swiss business man and social activist. During a business trip to modern day Italy in 1859 he witnessed the aftermath of the battle of Solferino. He recorded his memories and experiences in the Book a Memory of Solferino, which later inspired the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863. In 1864 the Geneva Convention was based on Dunant's ideas. He was the first to received the Nobel Peace Price together with Frederic Passy in 1901. (Taken from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Dunant#The_Battle_of_Solferino

September 11, 2001

=?

Katrina

NGO’s are labeled “force multiplier” in Afghanistan

2001 the responsibility to protect r2p

New initiatives:

• Sphere
• Alnap
• Humanitarian ombudsman-later to become Humanitarian accountability Project (hap)
• Mary Anderson writes: “Do no harm”

Japan Tsunami

By the end of the 70’s Full humanitarian foundation (but not integrated): UN, International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, and INGOs. Along with International Conventions governing treat of prisoners and civilians.

Chile

Haiti

2010- Haiti Magnitude and the vulnerability vs chile higher event, but lower vulnerability

1984 Ethiopia drought

Learning coming out in the late 90’s :

• All aid is political
• Human rights violations are as harmful as shortfalls in aid
• Harm can be done with interventions
• Causes are important

Faces of Bifra children during the war, taken from: https://topetempler.wordpress.com/tag/biafra/

1968-70 Nigeria government, Biafra region of Nigeria, civil war loss of between seven hundred thousand - 2 million. Out of this, MSF and Concern founded and reject niceties of sovereignty

Human skulls at the Nyamata Genocide Memorial.

Taken: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Genocide

Taken from: http://adst.org/2014/09/from-nation-building-to-black-hawk-down-u-s-peacekeeping-in-somalia/

1992- Somalia-peacekeepers under fire and killed, contributes to resistance for peacekeeping missions

1994 Rwanda Genocide while UN mission in country 800,000 killed. Fearing reprisals, 1 million refugees cross the border, 50,000 killed from cholera, militant groups responsible for genocide use refugee camps as military bases.

Taken from: http://www.theguardian.com/katine/2008/mar/20/background.uganda

2013 Philippines typhoon; Magnitude

Founded after WWII

• UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, Oxfam, CARE
• 1972 UNDisaster Relief Office created-becomes UNOCHA in 1992

Time Line of the History of Humanitarian Aid

The humanitarian system has evolved in a piecemeal manner.