Introducing
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King Idris
The UN General Assembly passed a resolution. The resolution stated that Libya should become independent before January 1, 1952. Libya was represented by King Idris I. He represented Libya in the subsequent UN negotiations.
Libya was tired of being controlled by Italy. They wanted to be independent from Italy. Libya had an idea on how to get the independence they longed for. Libyan nationalists began a movement for independence from Italy.
The Italians were tired of the attacks, and something had to be done. The Akrama Agreement was the solution. It was signed by the Italian government and the Senussi tribe representative. The Akrama Agreement was a formal ceasefire agreement that ended the rebellions. By the end of all the rebellions and attacks, around 16,000 people were killed.
Rudolfo Graziani
The Libyans weren't treated very well by the Italians. This caused the Senussi tribesmen to rebel against the Italian government. This rebellion attacked the Italian government for quiet a few years. Many lives were lost by this.
Libya is getting closer and closer to independence. They only have a few more months before they have it. The United Nations calls for the independence of Libya. It's led by King Idris.
Umar al Mukhtar
The Senussi tribe joined the Libyans in resisting the Italian rule. This led to the second Italian-Senussi War (1921-1931) in which Senussi leader, Umar al Mukhtar, led an attack against Italy. Mukhtar was a master of Guerilla warfare and had Italian military leader, Rudolfo Graziani, cornered. Graziani fought back.
Imperialism in Libya
Italy waned to get back at the Senussi tribesmen for all of the rebellions. Italian troops launched a military offensive against Senussi tribesmen in western Libya. It was led by Sheikh ‘Umar al-Mukhtar. Italian troops captured several Senussi camps and tribesmen. The Italian troops continued to attack the Senussi tribesmen for ten years straight.
Libya was controlled by the Ottoman Empire until 1911. This is when Italy came in and conquered it. The Italians got control of Libya by the signing of the Treaty of Ouchy. Libya was then turned into a colony.
After the ten years, the seizers came to stop. They came to a stop when Italian troops suppressed the Senussi rebellion in western Libya. Around 80,000 people were killed during the attacks. Out of the 80,000 people killed, around 5,000 of them were Italian government soldiers.
Mukhtar was hung in front of thousands of Libyans. The Italians then put Libyans in concentration camps and many died from diseases and lack of nutrition. Many Italians moved to Libya after the war. The Libyans that survived the camps were given little land and no education.
Libya finally gets its independence. It was the first country to achieve independence through the United Nations. It was also one of the first former European possessions in Africa to gain independence. Libya was a constitutional and a hereditary monarchy under King Idris.
Italy fully colonized Libya. Italy ruled Libya using direct control. Italy wanted Libya for economic and political reasons. They also wanted Libya for the source of gold and a place for the Italian citizens to go if they wanted to leave the country and go somewhere else. Italy merged Libya's three historic regions Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrena.