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Germany
1919- 1939
Weimar Republic 1919-1933
New German Constitution
How will it appear?
Problems faced by Weimar
Germany would formally be a democratic Republic
President to be elected by universal suffrage (all could vote) - President would appoint Chancellor/Prime Minister
Chancellor would appoint a cabinet of ministers
Article 48 - in emergency situations the president could rule by decree - this lead to politics being undermined and destabilised & huge consequences in 1930s as Hitler rose to power
Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated in November 1918 - ending the Second Reich
Provisional govt proclaimed a new German Republic - led by Fredrich Ebert
1st act was to call ceasefire/surrender on Nov 11th 1918
Election held in 1919 and new German assembly met in city of Weimar to draw up a new constitution
Problems faced by Weimar
Immediately the Weimar govt faced an array of problems. Economic turmoil , terms of the Treaty of Versailles & threat of revolution from multiple parties leads many historians to believe Weimar was doomed from the beginning
What we will study
Discuss the circumstances that led to the failure of the Weimar Republic OR
What social & economic problems led to the rise of the Nazi Party (same Q)
How did Hitler's foreign policies contribute to the outbreak of WW II?
How did Church-State relations develop under Hitler (This will come with Mussolini)
How did the Nazi's use propaganda to maintain their power in Germany?
What were the main characteristics in Nazi Germany between 1933-1939?
How successfully did German governments deal with social & economic problems between 1920 & 1939?
Economy - Borrowed heavily to fund war effort - led to spiralling inflation
Huge unemployment for returning soldiers
Reparations payments caused devaluation of currency - could not continue to make repayments
Treaty of Versailles - Weimar had been branded "November Criminals" for WWI
ceasefire
Forced to accept Treaty of Versailles (TRAWL) - "Stab in the Back"
Revolution - 1919 communist led "Spartacus Revolution" was defeated
1920 "Kapp Putsch" led by veterans & right wing supporters attempted
to overthrow the government - Govt called a workers strike which crippled the revolution
Germany post WW1 - Weimar Republic , The Economy & Failure
Wall Street Crash & Effect on Politics in Germany
Rise of Nazis - Hitler becomes a dictator (Democracy to Dictatorship)
Nazi Germany - 1933 - 39 - Economy, Church & State , Foreign Policy , Society
Propaganda/Case Study - Nuremberg Rallies - Document Questions
Paris Peace Conference & the Treaty of Versailles
Germany humiliated - TRAWL
Britain, France, America