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Chain of Infection:Malaria

Causative Agent

Malaria is caused by parasites living in mosquitos. There are over 200 types of malaria parasites, five of these 200 affect humans, the deadliest being P. Falciparium.

Reservoir

Malaria can affect all humans, regardless of race, sex, or conditions. Malaria also affects animals. However, only a few of the many parasites can actually infect humans.

Portal of Exit

The portal of exit for malaria is anywhere on the skin where a mosquito could potentially bite you.

Sources

"MALARIA.com." MALARIAcom. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2016.

"About Malaria." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18 Sept. 2015. Web. 20 Jan. 2016.

Interesting Facts

- approximately 1,500-2,000 cases reported in the US

-70% of all cases in the world are in children under age 5

-In pregnant women, the parasites like to hide in the placenta, making the disease hard to detect and can eventually harm the baby

Treatment Methods

General Summary

Malaria is a disease that can be contracted from the bites of the female Anopheles mosquito, no other kinds of mosquitos. When an infected mosquito bites a host, the parasite (P. Falciparium) enters the bloodstream and lays ormant in the liver. The parasite will reproduce while the host expirences no symptoms. The offspring are then relased into the bloodtream where they infect the erythrocytes, now causing the host to be symptomatic.

The treatment methods used to treat malaria include a multitude of oral medicines and vaccines. RTS is the most advanced malaria vaccine, and the oral medications include chloroquine, quinine, plaquenil,coartem, mepron, proguanil(sold as generic), mefloquine, cleocin, and doxycycline.

Symptoms

A general overview of the symptoms are very flu-like. These include fever/chills, impaird consciousness, prostration, multiple convulsions, deep breathing & respiratory distress, abnormal bleeding (such as anemia), clinical jaundice & evidence of vital organ dysfunction.

Mode of Transmission

The only way this disease is transmitted is through mosquitoes. This disease cannot be spread on objects, or through direct contact.

Susceptible Host

Any person can contract malaria, regardless of race, sexuality, age, or any other factors.

Portal of Entry

The only way you can get the malaria disease is if an infected mosquito bites you.

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