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Sex

  • Primarily a disease of young women
  • twice as common in women as it is in men

Genetic predisposition

Prevention

There is no prevention

  • Intellectual impairment
  • fatigue
  • pain
  • loss of vision
  • double vision
  • speech & difficulty swallowing
  • emotional changes
  • sexual changes
  • stiffness
  • imbalance
  • problems with bladder, bowel control
  • weakness

Symptoms

Genetic

Family History

  • If a family member has MS, you have a higher chance to also have MS

Risk Factors

An autoimmune disease where your body attacks your central nervous system resulting in inflammation on the myelin creating scars. In turn creates numerous neurologic defects, including progressive muscle weakness.

Long Term Effects

  • relapses
  • increase fatigue
  • increase pain
  • loss of vision(permanent)
  • Bladder malfunctions
  • Loss of ability to use limbs
  • Death

Environmental

Location

  • Caucasians in Nothern Europe & with Northern Europe descent. Ex. Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand

Multiple Sclerosis

Diet

Treatment/medication

  • No cure
  • Corticosteroids(side effects)
  • Modafinil( sleeping disorders)
  • Amantadine( increase dopamine)
  • Baclofen(pain medication)
  • Marijuana
  • deals with the symptoms

Diagnosis

Benign MS

  • remission after relapses is almost complete
  • Minimal disability, only affected the senses of sight &/or touch
  • decreases with time
  • VEP (visual evoked potential)
  • Spinal tap examination
  • MRI (magentic resonating image)
  • CT scan (computed tomography)
  • Babinski reflex
  • Vibration sense
  • Eye examination
  • Coordination test
  • Lhermittle's sign

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

  • attacks of symptoms are followed by complete/partial improvements

Clinical Categories

Clinically isolated syndrome

  • earliest form of MS
  • single attack of symptoms
  • often multiple lesions are seen on the brain MRI

Conditions that maybe confused with MS

Progressive MS (PMS)

  • disability slowly & continuously increasing, with/or without relapses
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Lyme disease
  • AIDS
  • Stroke
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Lymphoma
  • Systemic lupus erythmatosis

Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)

  • slowly increasing right from the start of the disease
  • appears in people in their 40's & is the only form of MS that affects men and women equally

Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)

  • Becomes progressive after initial relapsing-remitting phase
  • Eventually most people with relapsing-remitting MS, develop secondary progressive MS

Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS)

  • relapse occurs during a course that is progressive from the onset of the disease.
  • rare type
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