US HISTORY CONCEPT MAP

1917 was the first immigration, restriction act, the act involved a literacy test for 16+ people.The Emergency Quota Act, or Emergency immigration act of 1921, is a federal (supposed to be temporary) ac that restricted the number of immigrants to the US to just 3% of the number of residents who live in the US, from that particular country. The number of immigrants fell from about 800k to 300k, this act was admitted due to the overflow of immigrants. The act's goal was to add further restrictions on Eastern, Southern Europeans, and Jews. The act intensely added restricting laws on the immigration of Africans, and it forbidden the immigration of Arabs, East Asians, and Indians. Also another act was passed in 1927 that reduced the Quotas to 2%. The immigration and nationality act of 1965 for the first time restricted Mexican immigration.

The Irish settled in New York and Massachusetts. Chinese settled mostly in California, Germans settled in the Midwest( Penn, Minnesota etc), Mexicans settled in California

homestead strike

The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States in the summer of 1894. It pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman Company, the main railroads, and the federal government of the United States under President Grover Cleveland.

Big Business

Urbanization

1) an unscrupulous plutocrat.

2) a captain of industry was a business leader whose fortune benefited society.

3) Andrew Carnegie: a Scottish American industrialist who dominated the steel industry.

John Rockefeller: an American magnate who dominated the oil industry.

Cornelius Vanderbilt: an American business magnate who dominated the fields of shipping and railroads.

4) The Bessemer process was an inexpensive industrial process for steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace.

Urbanization is the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.

A ghetto is a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups.

A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.

In the year 1877, the United States was in the depths of the Depression. That summer, in the hot cities where poor families lived in cellars and drank infested water, the children became sick in large numbers.

Big Business

5) which sought to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics.

6)Monopoly: exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity

Cartel: cartel is an agreement between competing firms to control prices or exclude entry of a new competitor in a market

Trust: an organization appointed by trustees who manage a collection of companies as a single unit.

7) Horizontal Cons: involves bringing together many firms that were in the same business

Vertical Cons: when companies in a sector try to gain greater control of a supply chain.

Industrial Workers

People would look for a factory job during the mid-late 1800's because it gradually took over the system of people working in there houses or there own small shops.

Labor Unions

So many women and children worked in factories because they were uneducated, small in size, cheap in salary and could fit in places where men would not be able to.

People that worked in the factory had to face long hours, poor working conditions and job instability. Lots of the workers were fired or had a huge cut in there salaries for simple mistakes.

Industrial Revolution

Socialism is "a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole."

People that worked in the factory had to face long hours, poor working conditions and job instability.

It is an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

A strike is a refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a concession or concessions from their employer.

The knight of labor were members of a 19th century secret labor organization formed in 1869 to secure and maintain the rights of workingmen in respect to their relations to their employers.

Collective bargaining negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.

Economies of scale is "a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production."

Communism is "a theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs."

Politics

Immigration

steerage is a large area under the deck, it provides the cheapest accommodation for passengers.

Coming to America, the smell of fresh air (not as many factories), the scene of free lands, touching my own religious book, hearing people singing after arriving to the land of economic opportunity , tasting the food i planted without any of my crops dying.

Immigrants to America mostly came from 1)Ireland/England Push factors were Crop Failure and religious freedom. 2) Germans, Push factors Religious discrimination to Jews then later in the 1870s the May Law discriminated Catholics, After the Napoleonic wars ended in 1815 the German economy was suffering (local industries suffered), in farming Germany was dependent on potato, potato blight caused Famine. 3) Southern Italians, Push factor, was manly over populated Southern Italy, birth rates were high, while death rates were low.

Citation

http://www.energyofanation.org/wave_of_italian_immigrants.html

http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/immigration_data/index.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Emergency_Quota_Act

https://sites.google.com/site/thenorthsite/early-immigration-in-the-u-s-1

Push factors: are what drives migrants out of their home country. What drove people outside of Europe was 1- Lack of religious freedom 2- Political Chaos 3- Crop failure 4- Control of the Rich class over agriculture (industries) 5- Over growth population

Pull factors: Are factors that attract people to migrate to another country. what attracted people to America in the 1800s 1- freedom 2- chance to create new wealth 3- Land

# of Immigrants to the US in

1820s: 128,502 1860s:2, 081, 261

1900s: 8, 202, 388

1. Why was this time period (late 1800s) referred to as the “Gilded Age”?

This was a golden period for America’s industrialists. Their wealth helped hide the problems of immigrants, laborers and farmers. It also helped cover up the widespread abuse of power in business and government.

2. What does “laissez faire” mean? Did most Americans support this? Why?

Laissez faire is a government policy of not interfering in private businesses. Americans supported this, but however many champions of laissez faire supported government involvement.

3. The spoils system is a system or practice giving appointed offices as rewards from the successful party in an election. The system led to corruption when dishonest appointments used their jobs for personal profit.

5. James A. Garfield a congressman from ohio who won the parties presidential nomination. He was shot down by an assassins bullet shot him down as he walked through the Washington.

4. The two main political parties were the democratic and republican parties. Republicans appealed to industrialists,bankers and farmers. Republicans favored a tight money supply backed by gold, high tariffs to protect american businesses, generous pensions for union soldiers, government aid to the railroads and strict limits on immigration.

Democratic party attracted those in american society who were less privileged, or at least felt that way. Democrats favored an increased money supply backed by silver, lower tariffs on imported goods, higher farm prices, less government aid to big businesses and fewer blue laws.

US HISTORY CONCEPT MAP