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Branches of the Worlds Languages

By: Ethan Burmeister

William Palarski

Afrikaans

German

Portuguese

English

Dutch

French

Italian

Areas in red are where Hindi is the native language

Similarities of the Romance Languages

Swedish

Sinhala

Pashtuo

Danish

Urdu

Nepali

Norwegian

Kurdish

Romanian

Oriya

Farsi

Proto Indo-European Impact on Modern Spanish

Isogloss of Spanish

Modern Day Spanish

Catalan

Haitian/Creole

Modern Day Hindi

Modern Day Hindi is found in Delhi, India, and Rajasthan, India. It is one of the many official languages of India, and is the most popularly spoken language in India. Native speakers of other languages find it easier to pick up than most because of its familiar sanscitic decent, that is close to there previous languages. Hindi was attempted to be made the official language of the Indian government in 1965, but was shot down due to the diffusion and popularity of English throughout the M.D.C.'s and India realized they needed to adapt English as well to become the economic powerhouse that they desired.

As shown in the picture above, Spain and the Iberian Peninsula, contain 5 main isogloss. As shown, Portugal is mainly composed of one dialect because of the diffusion of Spanish over the border and being changed and manipulated, just like the other isogloss around the Peninsula. Each specific isogloss contains its own dialect due to the isolation felt by each area.

Proto Indo-European theory is defined as a hypothesized ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages. By looking at this it says Latin was effected by the supposed theory. Since Latin was, and is, a main root of Modern Day spanish, and it was affected by the Proto Indo-European theory. The states that all of the languages that have branched from the Latin language, the Greek language, and the Sanskrit language, are all apart of the same language family.

Panjabi

Spanish

Bengali

Spanish, part of the Romance Languages, uses the alphabet in their everyday writing of the language, instead of ideograms like many languages in the Eastern world use. Modern day Spanish has diffused all over the world, largely spoken in Spain, Latin America, and in South America. The language has diffused through the means of conquest of the Americas, by the Spanish, during the 15th century. Mexico, one of the top Spanish speaking countries was colonized during the 16th century, later won its independence in the 19th century, and now Spanish is the main language. Much like Mexico, Latin America, along with South America, was settled by the Spanish or a Spanish speaking country, and now speaks it. Due to the wide colonization by the Spanish and other countries, Spanish has diffused all over the world and has become one of the worlds most widely spoken languages.

Hindi Language Overview

North German

Diffusion of the Romance Languages

Iranian

Differences in Speaking

The Hindi language is basically the same grammar make up as the Urdu language, but the Urdu language is mainly arabic style writing, which is no surprise since Urdu is the official language of Pakistan. Hindi is made up of mostly Sanskritic words. The five kinds of Hindi loan words are Tatsam, which are spelled the same in Hindi as they are in sanskrit, but they are pronounced different. Ardhatatsam, which is again words that undergo Arabic sound changes from sanskrit to Hindi, but generally no sound change. Tadbhav, these words are spelled differently in Sanskrit from Hindi, but they mean the same general term. Deshaj, which are words that are not borrowed from a different language, but might of been by the tribes of india and they found there way into Hindi. Videshi, which are words borrowed from arabic, english, french, and spanish, really showing the diversity and diffusion of the Hindi language

The Romance Languages are derived from Vulgar Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. After the fall of the Roman Empire new languages began to develop from isolation, due to different intervening obstacles in the area (Mountains, Seas, etc.). Today these languages, derived from Vulgar Latin, are known as the Romance Languages, and share a common language family, along with common a language branch, and a common language group.

West Germanic

Toponyms

Spanish Language

Spanish was diffused out of the Roman Empire. Seeing that a man city of the Roman Empire, Arelate (4), is near present day Spain, you can infer that the people diffused out of the area over the Pyrenees Mountains, and settled on the South side of them. From here they became isolated from much of the Roman Empire which in turn led to the "creation" of the Spanish Language. But because of its' roots, going back to the Roman Empire, it is a part of the Romance Language Family.

Indo-Iranian

Like many of the languages in the world today Spanish too has different dialects. This is due to the diffusion and isolation of its speakers but this leads to words like mother and father be slightly altered but still closely the same. For example in Spain to say "you all" one says vosotros but in areas like Mexico speakers say ellos in order to say "you all". This leads to confusion between speakers when they meet but can also lead to learning between two different groups of people.

Romance Languages

Spanish toponyms are found all over the world. Wherever Spanish once effected the area you can most likely find a Spanish influenced toponym. For example when the Spanish occupied the southern portion of the US they created names for the cities using their native tongue Spanish. Today we see this in New Mexico, including cities like Santa Fe, Las Cruces, and Alamogordo. And in California cities like Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Francisco, and San Jose. Many of these cities are now namesakes for the United States showing the major influence the language has in these areas it has once occupied.

Kurgan Theory

Indo-European

The Kurgan theory says that a people called the Kurgans, a group of nomadic herders, domesticated cattle and horses on the steppes of Russia/Kazakhstan and then began migrating in 4300 B.C. to different areas of the world. So in essence The Steppes of Russia/Kazakhstan are the hearth of all modern languages today.

Diffusion of Speakers

Nostratic?

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