Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Sickle Cell Anemia

Pedigree Example

Treatments

Possible Outcomes

  • no cure
  • medications & vaccines for infections
  • pain medications for blocked blood flow
  • fluids & oxygen therapy
  • Hydroxyurea - prompts body to make fetal hemoglobin which prevents sickling of cells (but must be watched for side effects)
  • blood transfusions
  • blood and bone marrow transplant - for people with very serious sickle cell anemia
  • Gene Therapy (?)- putting normal gene into bone marrow stem cells

The Mutation

Lifestyle Changes

• Hemoglobin consists of four protein subunits: two subunits called alpha-globin and two subunits called beta-globin

• mutation in a gene on chromosome 11 that codes for the beta subunit of the hemoglobin protein

• This cause for the hemoglobin molecules to not form properly

• HBB gene mutation produces an abnormal version of beta-globin known as hemoglobin S

• Hemoglobin S is what twists red blood cells into a sickle

• hemoglobin S replaces both beta-globin subunits in hemoglobin

• mutation changes a single protein building block or the amino acid in the beta-globin

Description

  • frequent checkups for children (esp. under 2) because of risk on infection
  • avoid crowds for risk of viruses and infection
  • avoid high altitudes (like flying in airplanes and mountains) because of lack of oxygen
  • must be careful with exercise or any physical exertion
  • emotionally hard on both parents and child (depression, separation anxiety)
  • high medical costs
  • lots of hospital stays (average 17 days a year)

Discussion

Evolution & Environmental Effects

  • If both parents, have trait:
  • Adoption
  • If one person has trait:
  • could still have a kid
  • If none had trait:
  • then it depends on the environment
  • malaria

A protein called hemoglobin of the red blood cell is affected, and this is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. The sickle cell delivers less oxygen to the body’s tissue, and can get stuck by clumping together and not letting enough oxygen to the body

Malaria

Inheritance

  • one-in-four chance that a child will inherit two sickle cell genes
  • one-in-four chance that a child will inherit two normal genes from the parents
  • one-in-two chance that the child will inherit a normal gene from one parent and a sickle gene from the other
  • follows recessive Mendelian inheritance pattern

• Infection can cause sickling and then

can be removed from the system

• Make more oxygen that are toxic to

the parasite

• Infection causes cell membrane to

change which then it can be destoyed

Inheritance Pattern

Autosomal recessive pattern which is when the parents pass down both copies of the gene, and in each cell have mutations.

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi