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References

End

1. Impact assessment of biomass burning on air quality in Southeast and East Asia during BASE-ASIA. Atmospheric Environment. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231012002890. Published March 28, 2012. Accessed April 16, 2019.

2. World Health Organization, Air pollution. World Health Organization. http://www.searo.who.int/topics/air_pollution/en/. Published October 9, 2018. Accessed April 16, 2019.

3. Ambient air quality. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/en/. Published November 17, 2017. Accessed April 16, 2019.

4. Marlier ME, DeFries RS, Voulgarakis A, et al. El Niño and health risks from landscape fire emissions in southeast Asia. Nature News. https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1658. Published August 12, 2012. Accessed April 16, 2019.

5. Global Air Quality and Health Co-benefits of Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change through Methane and Black Carbon Emission Controls. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.1104301. Accessed April 16, 2019.

6. Eco-Business. Is Asia's media reporting the real causes of air pollution? Eco. https://www.eco-business.com/news/is-asias-media-reporting-the-real-causes-of-air-pollution/. Accessed April 16, 2019.

My Perspective

Solutions

  • The most important and efficient way to control and lower air pollution would be through policy change
  • Adjusting vehicle emission standards by requiring installation of diesel particulate filters (5)
  • Improve cooking stoves that use biomass as a fuel, which releases chemicals (5)
  • Limiting agricultural waste burning (5)
  • Household air filtration systems
  • Air pollution is a major international issue, not only in SE Asia, that needs to be addressed globally
  • The most effective ways to decrease air pollution is to create policy change
  • Limit companies destroying land for profitable crops
  • Hold companies and people accountable
  • Make laws to require vehicle emission testing and air filters
  • Transition to cleaner fuels to be used, as opposed to burning coal
  • I selected this issue because palm oil, which is just one factor in biomass fires, is used in so many of the products we use daily, so this makes us stakeholders and responsible for supporting it

Issue Perspectives

  • The air pollution severity is not reported on publicly in SE Asia - the media only talks about it when it's really bad (5)
  • Media is largely controlled by the government - only talk about the problems but no solutions
  • An extremely smoggy living environment is normalized
  • Palm oil industries are huge markets in SE Asia, and as a result are key stakeholders in biomass burning to make room for fields

Issue Relevance

  • Biomass burning emissions, such as forest fires and agricultural land burning, account for a large portion of air pollution in SE Asia (1)
  • High fire activity due to land use changes and El Niño related droughts (4)
  • Air pollution is responsible for 1 in 9 premature deaths worldwide (2)
  • Household air pollution is also a big risk factor and the majority affected are women and children - burning wood and crop waste as a cooking fuel
  • 92% of the world live in areas which exceed WHO's air pollution limits (3)
  • This is a global issue because according to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is estimated to kill 1 in 8 people from heart disease, stroke, respiratory issues, and cancer (3)

Air Pollution in Southeast Asia

Executive Summary

  • Air pollution accounts for thousands of deaths worldwide, and lead to other conditions such as heart disease and cancer
  • SE Asia has a big market for palm tree oil and other crops, which has only worsened the condition of the air and land from biomass fires
  • Outdoor and household air pollution affect the most vulnerable population of women and children
  • In my opinion, the air pollution crisis must be dealt with on a large scale to create real change and hold companies accountable

Brigid Keeley

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