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Sarcina aurantiaca

A study of the Effects of Antibiotics and Disinfectants/Antiseptics on Bacteria

Introduction

Hypotheses

Disinfectants and antiseptics will both inhibit the growth of our bacteria, Sarcina aurantiaca, but the disinfectant will have the greatest zone of inhibition since they are considered the strongest of the two and not fit for ingestion like antiseptics.

Antibiotics will inhibit the growth of Sarcina aurantiaca. The antibiotic that will have the greatest zone of inhibition will be Novobiocin since it is produced by members of the genus Streptomyces. The antibiotic that will have smallest zone of inhibition will be nalidixic acid.

Background Information

Sarcina is "a genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain diseases," (Sarcina). It was found that the optimum temperature for growing Sarcina aurantiaca was 28 degrees Celsius (82.4 F) (Thirkell, 375). Growth of Sarcina aurantiaca was found between the pHs of 6.5 and 7.5, with the best yield of growth just on the acidic side of neutral (Thirkell, 375). We also found through experimentation that our bacteria was gram positive (a bright purple stain) (Morgan and Carter).

References

Methods

Morgan, J. G., and M. E. Brown Carter. 2007. Diffusion and Osmosis. Symbiosis (pp. 207-216). Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing.

Disinfectants/Antiseptics

We used three chemicals that were considered disinfectants or antiseptics and one control that was distilled water. We used two antiseptics: antibacterial soap and mouthwash. Our one disinfectant was calcium lime rust remover.

Antibiotics

Sarcina. (2006, December 6). Retrieved April 18, 2015, from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Sarcina

Our three chosen antibiotics were nalidixic acid, triple sulfa, and novobiocin. The control was distilled water as it was with the disinfectants/antiseptics study.

Thirkell, D., & Gray, E. (1971). Growth and Pigmentation of Sarcina Aurantiaca at Various Temperatures. Journal of General Microbiology, 67, 375-377.

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Discussion

Disinfectants/ Antiseptics

The growth plate displayed that the distilled water did not inhibit the growth of the bacteria in the slightest, the antibacterial soap had a zone of inhibition of 8 mm, which compared to the 3 cm zone of inhibition of the calcium lime rust remover and the 2 cm zone of inhibition of the mouth wash does not make the soap appear that effective. We did not have definitive circles for the zone of inhibition, which could be a potential problem.

Antibiotics

Our hypothesis for the effect of antibiotics was proven correct in all aspects. Antibiotics did inhibit the growth of Sarcina aurantiaca. Novobiocin had the greatest zone of inhibition while Nalidixic Acid had the least. It is worth noting that the colonies mostly formed a splatter pattern instead of a circular formation.

Results

Antibiotics

Label Number Antibiotic Zone of Inhibition Effective?

(cm/mm)

1 Control 0 cm No

2 Nalidixic Acid 1 cm No

3 Triple Sulfa 2 cm Yes

4 Novobiocin 4.5 cm Yes

Disinfectants/ Antiseptics

Label Number Compound Name Zone of Inhibition Effective?

(cm/mm)

1 Control 0 cm No

2 Antibacterial Soap 8 mm No

3 Calcium Lime Rust 3 cm Yes

Remover

4 Mouthwash 2 cm Yes

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