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"Strictly speaking, when we interpret a literary text, we are doing literary criticism; when we examine the criteria upon which our interpretation rests, we are doing critical theory."

- Lois Tyson

You are probably already familiar with this principle. Sibling rivalry, inferiority complexes, and defense mechanisms are all common traits of psychoanalytic theories.

Economic realities are at the foreground of human culture: "getting and keeping economic power is the motive behind all social and political activities."

Feminism differentiates between the biological constitution of male and female, and the cultural programming of masculinity and femininity. In short, one's sex and one's gender are two different characteristics.

New criticism replaced the notion that the key to understanding a text lay in the author's biography. New critics believed instead that "the text itself" was all that matters.

"One of the most important things theory can show us is that methodologies are ways of seeing the world, whether we are talking about physics or sociology, literature or medicine."

- Lois Tyson

Reader-response Criticism

Pretty much just like its name sounds. Analyzes a work by the response/emotion it evokes from its reader.

New Criticism

Archetypical Criticism

Cultural Studies

A literary text "performs cultural work" by shaping our experience as members of a cultural group. Culture both helps to create and is formed by that culture's art.

Evaluates literature by analyzing the archetypes-or narrative building blocks-present in the story.

Psychoanalytic Criticism

Deconstruction

Language is more ambiguous than we realize. The word itself and its intended meaning don't ever quite align perfectly. Because of this misalignment, culture embeds priority and privilege into its language, thereby creating subconscious ideologies in its members.

Critical Theory

Marxist Criticism

Feminist Criticism

This includes education, religion, and government, as well as the arts, sciences, media, and technology!

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