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Intertidal Zone

Small animals living in the splash zone can avoid drying up by closing their shells tightly to lock in moisture.

Some animals, like crabs and marine snails and bivalves, have thick, tough outer coverings to slow evaporation. Others, such as mussels and leaf barnacles, cluster together to reduce individual exposure.

Animals, like the sea star, have learned how to keep themselves from washing away. They cling to the rocky surfaces, or they find shelter in crevices or hide under thick seaweed when the tide is out.

In the low intertidal zone, it is typically covered in water. Most animals that live in that zone can only tolerate exposure to air for short periods of time. Here the marine plants provide fish and other organisms protection and food.

There isn't a climax community in the intertidal zone but there are different communities at each level of the intertidal zone. These are based off of the types of animals and organisms that live there.

Species in the Spray Zone: Lichen and Periwinkle Snails

Species in the Mid Intertidal Zone: Mussels, Sea Urchins, Snails, Seastars, and Anemones.

Species in the High Intertidal Zone: Purple Shoreline Crab, Barnacles, and Blue-Green Seaweed.

Species in the Low Intertidal Zone: Anemones, Red Algae, Dungeness Crab, Kelp, Seastars, and Sea Urchins.

The intertidal zone is made up of four parts. The spray zone, the high intertidal zone, the mid intertidal zone, and the low intertidal zone.

The spray zone is a part of the land that is only covered by water during very high tides and severe storms. It is the part of the intertidal zone that is constantly being splashed by waves and sea spray.

The high intertidal zone is covered only during the two daily high tides and is uncovered for the rest of the day.

The mid intertidal zone is typically underwater except for the short period of time during the turn of low tide.

The low intertidal zone is always submerged in water and is only exposed during the lowest spring tides.

The intertidal zone is found on every coast of every continent except for the country of Greenland.

The intertidal zone is constantly changing because of the constant motion of the waves and tides. It is never stable. Waves are always crashing and the tides are always changing. Survival is a challenge for the organisms that live there. The salinity is also always changing because of the rise and fall of the tides.

Humans now and in the past have taken plants and animals from the intertidal zone for food, bait, for home aquariums, and for souvenirs.

As human populations continue to increase along coastlines, more people have access to the intertidal zone, impacting many of the plants and animals that rely upon this habitat.

Many shells and animals such as sea stars and sand dollars that are available to buy in gift stores are collected live and in quantities that may decrease the population in that area.

Types of coastal pollution include discarded trash, oil spills, sewage spills, and toxic chemical runoff—all of which can negatively impact intertidal marine life. Hypoxia, dead zones.

Intertidal Zone Limiting Factors: Light, Heat, Mechanical Support, Organic Matter, Nutrients, Water and Air Quality, Predation, Competition, and Geographical Space.

Intertidal Zone Biotic Factors: Human Impact, Density of Algae/Kelp, Population of: Plants, Mollusks, Crustaceans, Worms, Fish, and Mammals.

Intertidal Zone Abiotic Factors: Water Depth, Temperature, Turbulence, Salinity, Ph Balance, Tides, Winds, and Sediment.

Life in the intertidal zone. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/lesson10/l10la2.html#sprayzone

Schoolworkhelper st. rosemary educational institution. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.schoolworkhelper.net/biotic-and-abiotic-factors-influence-on-ecosystems/

Haley Cuneo A1/B1

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