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guest worker: a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country.

comprehensive: covering completely or broadly; inclusive

focus: to concentrate attention and effort

agribusiness: an industry engaged in agriculture on a large scale, sometimes including the manufacture and distribution of farm supplies.

pyschoanalysis: a method by which a therapist and patient probe deeply into patient's memory " by making the patients conscious mind aware of repressed thoughts, healing can take place.

industrial capitalism: an capitalism an economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies

communism: the idea that society should be based on public ownerships and communal control of property

Holocaust: the mass murder of 6 million Jews by Germany Nazi regime during WWII.

Cold War: the power struggle between Soviet Union and the United States after WWII.

devolution: the granting of self-rule to local and regional authorities.

guest worker: a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country.

polder: low-lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new land.

mistral: a strong northern wind from the Alps that can bring cold air to southern France.

foehn: a dry wind that blows from the leeward sides of mountains, sometimes melting snow and causing Avalanches; term used mainly in Europe.

avalanche: a large mass of ice, snow, and rock that slide down a mountainside.

Industrial revolution: beginning in the 1700s, the rapid, major change in the economy with the introduction to power-driven machinery.

Northwestern Europe

consist: to be composed of or made up.

loess: fine, yellowish, brownish top soil made up of particles of silt and clay, carried away and deposited into the wind.

significant: important

dike: large bank of earth and stone that holds back water.

polder

social darwinism : theory used by Western nations in the late nineteenth century to justify their dominance; it was based on Charles Darwins theory of natural selection, " the survival of the fittest," and applied to modern human activities.

intensity: extreme degree of strength , force , energy or feeling.

pogroms: the organized massacre of a minority group, especially Jews.

Zionism: an international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palastine, where ancient Israel was located, and later for support of modern Israel.

chapt 11

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