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Ancient Greek Theatre: Masks and Costumes

By Hannah Hamby and Haley Glew

Actors playing Athenian characters wore elaborate costumes, like fancy versions of common clothes, whereas foreign characters had a more outlandish look.

Comic actors wore plain socks or normal shoes and sandals.

Costumes

At first actors were only just as important as the chorus, but as time passed and they became more important, their shoes became taller and they began to wear onkos, which were tall head dresses. As their importance increased so did their height on stage.

Costume pieces included:

Chiton- robe

Chlaina- over wear

Chlamys- short cloak

Kothurnus- short boots with laces

Himation – over wear

Peplos – cloak

Costumes could help classify character type, such as gender, age, social status and class, depending on the colors and style of the garments.

  • Masks were the most important part of costumes
  • Body painting was used in early acting
  • Helped with characterization

In later years, actors in a tragedy often wore buskins (platform shoes) or cothurneses (elevated boots) as well as regular shoes/sandals.

Costume pieces included:

  • Chiton- robe
  • Chlaina- over wear
  • Chlamys- short cloak
  • Kothurnus- short boots with laces
  • Himation – over wear
  • Peplos- cloak

Actors wore costumes that were completely different from themselves because Dionysus was the god of Ecstasy, which can mean “standing outside oneself." It was the actors religious belief that they had to become a different person entirely.

When portraying female characters, men wore long white sleeves as well as progastreda and posterneda across the chest.

•Masks covered whole head with wig and had holes for eyes and mouth

•Skeuopoios was a mask-maker

•Children were portrayed with silent masks

•Made of wood, linen, leather cork, and occasionally real hair

•Lightweight, but not durable

Because they were not made to last, no masks have survived have survived the test of time. We know the were used from depictions such as on pieces of pottery.

Masks

• Used to enhance emotions and expressions

• Helped to project voices

• Helped differentiate characters for those seated far from the stage

Comedy

Tragedy

  • Masks were often ugly or grotesque
  • Usually smiling or leering
  • Very over exaggerated features
  • Usually appeared more life-like
  • Exaggerated features

Citations:

Alvarez, Veronica. World of Greek Arts: Masks, Costumes, & Props. n.d. http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/interactives/greece/theater/playersProps.html. 5 April 2013.

Damen. Classical Greek Tragedy and Theatre. 2009. http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/ClasDram/chapters/061gkthea.htm. 5 April 2013.

Greek Theatre.wordpress. Costumes & Masks. n.d. http://greektheatre.wordpress.com/home/. 5 April 2013.

theatrecostumes.webs. Costumes. 2009. http://theatrecostumes.webs.com/greekroman.htm. 5 April 2013.

Arts Edge. City Dionysia- Masks, Costumes, and Props. n.d. http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/interactives/greece/theater/playersProps.html April 5, 2013.

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