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Introduction

Discussion Question

Gender Performance

What do you think? Does Judith’s Butlers approach to performativity summarise what is happening in this day and age? Or is this just an old view on the world and we have evolved from this.

  • Focusing on performativity, transgender issues and queer theory
  • “Gender roles are society’s concepts of how men and women are expected to act and are shaped by cultural norms”.
  • Breaking down the gender binary - Judith Butler's work

“relinquish power to expand the cultural field body of gender through subversive performative acts (pg. 531)”.

the “binary restriction of gender”

Queer Theory, Gender Performativity and Intersectionality

Queer Theory

Question:

In groups, discuss what the word "queer"

has meant to you the first time you heard it.

Open discussion on how it has changed over time and what the word means to you now.

Introduction

  • Introduced in the 1990’s by the work of Teresa de Lauretis
  • Other scholarly works by: of Judith Butler, Eve Sedgwick, Adrienne Rich and Diana Fuss
  • Set of ideas from the belief that our identities are fluid and do not define who we really are
  • Common uses as homophobic slang and abuse
  • On the other hand, queer theory breaks away from heteronormative beliefs and terms by fighting against the categorisation of gender and sexuality

The Stonewall Riots

The slow process of mainstream acceptance

A Brief Summary of Transgender Issues

Have you found yourself judging someone based on how they express their gender? And why do you think you did that?

  • In modern society, transgender people are still extremely marginalised.
  • What are the roots of the current trans movement?
  • How does feminist theory intersect with queer theory, specifically transgender issues?

Troubling Gender, subverting identities: interview with Judith Butler.

Transgender issues and intersectionality

  • Highlighted Judith’s ideas and opinions of heteronormativity
  • roles it plays in what gender or sexual orientation we choose.
  • talks about the norms in which we are born into- gendered, racial, national and how it can alter what we fundamentally choose to identify as.
  • Vasu also is able to depict Judith’s views on the increase on homosexuality discrimination in this day and age, especially in the African region
  • To this very day people still share similar views to the president of Zimbabwean. Members of the dominant culture looked over at gay people and silently and openly concluded

  • The erasure of transgender people from history
  • The intersection of race and gender
  • What is the current status of transgender people in modern society?

What is Performativity?

  • Performing to the gender we are or identify as
  • Assumed that we are acting in some way and not being who we really are
  • Butler’s approach to change the supposed link, so that gender and desire are flexible, and not caused by other stable factors.

Annamarie Jagose

References

Queer Theory: An Introduction

‘Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An essay in Phenomenology and Feminist theory’

Required text #1

History of Queer Theory

Gender Studies: Terms and Debates

Initially raised as a “social construct; something designed and implemented and perpetuated by social organizations and structures, rather than something merely ”true,” something innate to the ways bodies worked on a biological level.”

Teresa de Lauretis brought up the term after editing feminist study journal titled: "Queer Theory: Lesbian and Gay Sexualities."

Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. United States: Routledge Classics.

Butler, J. 1988, "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory", Theatre Journal, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 519-531.

Boundless, Gender Roles and Differences, 2015, [online], Available: https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/gender-and-sexuality-15/introduction-to-gender-and-sexuality-75/gender-roles-and-differences-296-12831/ [Accessed 9th of April]

Cranny-Francis, A., Waring, W., Stavropoulos, P., & Kirby, J. (2003). Gender studies: Terms and debates. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

Eelluga, Dino. “Modules of Butler: On Performativity.”Introductory Guide to Critical Theory.,2002, [online], Available:https://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/genderandsex/modules/butlerperformativity.html [Accessed 8th of April, 2015]

Jagose, A. (2015). Queer Theory: An Introduction. Retrieved from PhilPapers: http://philpapers.org/rec/JAGQTA

Jagose, A. (1997). Queer Theory. Retrieved from Australian Humanities Review: http://www.australianhumanitiesreview.org/archive/Issue-Dec-1996/jagose.html

Klages, M. (2011, March 4). Queer Theory. Retrieved from University of Colorado at Boulder: www.colorado.edu

Reddy, V., & Butler, J. (2004). Troubling genders, subverting identities: Interview with Judith Butler. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 18(62), 115-123.

My.vanderbilt.edu, (2015). Judith Butler on gender as “performed” or “performative” Critical Theory. [online] Available: https://my.vanderbilt.edu/criticaltheoryfall13/2013/11/judith-butler-on-gender-as-performed-or-performative/ [Accessed 11 Apr. 2015].

Valentine, D. 2007. Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category. Duke University Press.

  • How language has changed over time
  • How do stereotypes affect us?

Gender expression vs gender identity

Gender:

  • it is an identity being constructed through your life
  • always assembled through the body
  • created by the act of your performance and you do not have gender first
  • always a possibility to construct a different gender by a different act.

Three core points:

1. a refusal of heterosexuality as the benchmark for all sexual formations;

2. an attentiveness to gender capable of interrogating the frequent assumptions that lesbian and gay studies is a single homogeneous object;

3. and an insistence on the multiple ways in which race crucially shapes sexual subjectives.

Activity

Write down on the piece of paper, what you think a typical “norm” constructed by heteronormativity is. Then read yours outloud.

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