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Phonemes-allophones and minimal pairs
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Phonemes-allophones and minimal pairs
Phonemes
the basic unit of phonology. They have to be distinctive, contrastive, functional or information-bearing.
Example
The cat bored. /k/ and /b/ are phonemes.
Allophones
An allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme in a particular language.
Examples
Minimal Pairs
[p] and [pH] are allophones of the phoneme /p/.
[t] and [tH] are allophones of the phoneme /t/.
In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, which differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme, and have distinct meanings. They are used to demonstrate that two phones constitute two separate phonemes in the language.
Example
pin bin /pɪn/ /bɪn/
rot lot /rɒt/ /lɒt/
pen pan /pɛn/ /pæn/
hat had /hæt/ /hæd/ final consonant