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The moon has virtually no tilt compared to the Earth, so there is little to no seasonal change. If we wanted to settle in a place with a semi-livable temperature, the North Pole would be the best place. In some of the areas near the Moon’s North Pole, permanent sunlight occurs and this would mean that these regions of the Moon are warmer than some other places. Scientists have estimated that temperatures on any possible permanently lit spot would be comparatively balmy, though still a frigid minus 58 Fahrenheit (-50 Celsius), give or take a little. With pressurized suits and shelter, these temperatures could sustain modern human life.
As a company, I believe it would be in our best interests to first campaign to the US government, or other private space exploration companies, for grants to create a moon colony. Next, I believe we should get together the needed supplies for a colony of 100 people for one year. The shipping costs for supplies will come to about 15 billion dollars, so we definitely need sponsors. We can now select 100 healthy participants to take to the moon! We can say the projected time for lift-off will be about 2030!
The moon's atmosphere consists of an infinitesimal amount of air, when compared to Earth's atmosphere. At sea level on Earth, each cubic centimeter of the atmosphere contains approximately 10^19 molecules; by comparison the lunar atmosphere contains fewer than 10^6 molecules in the same volume. But, if we could build pressurized shelter on the moon-
There's evidence that there may be water, in the form of buried ice that has collected at the south pole of the moon. If so, water mining might be possible, and it would solve a lot of problems. Water is necessary for drinking and irrigation, and it can also be converted to hydrogen and oxygen for use as rocket fuel.
If water isn't available on the moon, it must be imported from Earth. One way to do that would be to ship liquid hydrogen from the earth to the moon, and then react it with oxygen from the moon's soil to create water. This might be the cheapest way to get water to the moon. As a side-benefit, the hydrogen can react with oxygen in a fuel cell to create electricity as it creates water.
Many people who do not know much about the moon would say that we could easily ship the needed supplies from Earth to the moon. What they do not know is that it costs $50,000 to ship a single pound of supplies to the moon's surface. So, if we wanted to make a colony of 100 people, carrying them along with all the supplies they need would come to a cost of about 15 billion dollars. Now if NASA and other moon exploration associations could get the government to fund moon colonization, the problem would be solved. But currently, the space program is self-funded. A way we could get shipping costs solved once and for all would be to send enough magnets to the moon to magnetize the entire surface, and then to magnetize what ever we want to send, send it up far enough into the atmosphere to be pulled by the moon's magnetism, and the problem is solved!
Power on the moon is an interesting challenge. It would probably be possible to manufacture solar cells on the moon, but sunlight is available only part of the time. This is why it would be smart to settle a moon base near the North Pole, where there is permanent sunlight. Hydrogen and oxygen can react in a fuel cell to create electricity. Nuclear power is another possibility, using uranium mined on the moon.