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Structural ambiguities

Certain kinds of sentences have more than one tree, because of their ambiguity in meaning.

The ambiguity can be show if the syntactic category of each constituent is marked

Phrase Structure Trees and Rules

Questioning:

Where was the cat?

Substitution:

- My cat was playing with a snake in the park

-My cat was playing with a snake

there

Movement:

My cat was in the park playing with a snake

Coordination:

I was eating ice

cream

in the park

Constituents

Grammatical particle of a sentence

Constituency tests:

Tree buildings

1. Questioning

2.Substitution

3.movement

4.Coordination

Phrase structure trees are representations

of knowledge of the structures of a sentence

in an specific language.

Principal syntactic aspects represented in trees:

My cat/ was playing/ with a snake/ in the park

1.Linear order of the words in a sentence

2.Syntactic categories of words, groups of words

3.Hierarchical order of syntactic categories

Phrase structure abbreviations

Key symbols:

Xz- Item number (subscript)

Adv- Adverb

S- sentence

NP- noun phrase

VP- verb phrase

PP- prepositional phrase

N- noun

V- verb

P- preposition

Det- determiner

Pro- pronoun

PN- proper noun

Aux- Auxiliary verb

Coord- coordinative phrase

CP- complementiser phrase

C- complementiser subordination

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