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Psychology: Learning Theory

Learning theorists believe that human behaviour is developed in childhood. People's behavious are influenced by what they are exposed to and what they observe from others.

Females exposures/observations:

  • See female influences are more associated with taking care of men, dependent,
  • Taught to be emotional, vulnerable
  • Observe that looks are how you receive acceptance/praise
  • Certain skills relate to certain occupations (teacher, maid)

Males are exposures/observations:

  • See how the male influences in their lives have more control and are seen as dominate (father, media, politics)
  • Taught to be strong, be independent
  • Receive acceptance/praise for being strong and masculine
  • Certain skills relate to certain occupation (president, senator)

Anthropology: Cultural Materialism

Technological and economical factors are the most important in molding a society aka materialism

kinship

Family relationship based on what a culture considers a family to be

  • Technology is how our society functions

  • there are a lot of outlets for people to express their opinion on gender inequality in politics

- Back in the day when women were fighting for the right to vote it took a lot of time and effort. For ex, the suffrage movement

- Nowadays people just have to go on social media if they want to address an issue

Kinship plays a big role in politics

  • in politics society is only used to seeing one type of family
  • voters might be scared to see their view of a family change if they elect someone different.

- for example, if a women were to get elected she'd be considered the leader in the family and societies not use to seeing that

Psychology:

Psychoanalytic Theory

Males in Politics

Id: Personal Satisfaction

- To be seen as strong and superior they have to be the best in the positions that are male dominate

Super Ego: Morals

- Males value power- society has taught they have to obtain superiority

Ego: Contemplating

- Decide whether they will be power or to act humanly/morality

Females in Politics

Id: Personal Satisfaction

-Wants to accomplish more dominate positions

Super Ego: Morals

- The values and morals society has told her that she is seen as inferior, will be judge and criticized

Ego: Contemplating

- Whether or not she will still try to be in a higher position or let society tell her not to

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

This is the theory that someone who's morals/attitudes conflict with their actions, which cause them to act out.

Looking at women in politics you can say that they are in cognitive dissonance due to:

  • Morals were always being told and see how women aren't accepted in politics as men
  • Once they get into politics they feel criticized and judged
  • Makes them feel like they have to prove themselves so they feel uncomfortable in their work environment

Sociology: Norms, Deviant Behaviour & Alienation

Work Cited

Facts

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/aug/10/gender-pay-gap-widening-at-one-in-four-government-bodies-figures-show

https://prezi.com/cwaosmmhy3do/gender-roles-in-politics/

https://journalistsresource.org/studies/politics/elections/gender-stereotypes-female-political-candidates\

https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ella-gonzalez/women-in-politics_b_4077687.html

  • Today, women are involved in politics more than ever
  • women candidates are judged more on looks than men
  • in Canada, women only hold 21% of the 100 seats
  • Voters have a hard time taking women seriously
  • women tend to get less encouragement to run for office than men do
  • Female candidates have to be more qualified than their male opponent succeed in an election

Norms: Typical Behaviour

  • Men being in politics and having the main power

Deviant Behaviour: Behaviour different from societal norms

  • Women being in politics is seen as deviant behaviour

Alienation: When an individual is separated from a group of people in general

  • Women have been alienated from being apart of politics and been discriminated against based on gender

Anthropology: structuralism

  • the human mind functions on the principle of binary opposites

Male

  • Men are seen to have a good influence on politics because society thinks they are dominant and are able to be leaders

Female

  • Women are seen to have a bad influence on politics because society thinks they lack dominance and aren't capable of being in such power
  • Society has a hard time seeing women involved in politics because of stereotypes such as them being too weak or emotional
  • Because of these stereotypes society thinks men are more eligible to be in office
  • therefore women will have to work harder to prove themselves

Sociology: Structural-Functionalism

Structural-functionalist would say that:

  • Men are seen to be more suitable to be political figures due to the idea that over the centuries they have provided more stable functions compared to females in the political world
  • Men provide a more stable function because they are seen to be less emotional compared to females and are more rational.
  • Society has always looked upon males to have more trust in them to have power in higher positions in society.

History of Gender Roles in Politics-Timeline

1890's - 1920

late 20th century - present

Sociology: Feminist Theory

1893 - national council of women is founded

1910- national council of women go in favored of suffrage

1916- women in Ontario,Alberta, BC, and other provinces get the right to vote

1918- Canadian women over 21 get the right to vote federally

1919- women get to run in federal elections

1975- 10.5% women senators and 10.9% women in canadian parliament

1984- first governor general : Jeannee Sauve

1984- first black mayor in Canada : Daurene Lewis

1993- Kim Campbell becomes first female prime minister

present- 26% of the women in parliament are women

  • Focuses on gender issues believing that traditionally women have had disadvantages against them
  • Society has a patriarchy system that has favoured men

Liberal Feminism:

  • Focuses on policies and laws that discriminate against women in institutions like politics for example:
  • The differences of how much each gender gets paid (average 13%, cabinet office 18%)
  • The treatment each gender receives

- For centuries men have always been favoured in politics and more recently women have taken more of a bigger role in politics because of certain policies that have been eliminated over the years ex: persons case

1920's - 1930's

1921- Agnes Macphail, first women elected to the house of commons

1927- the persons case: the government was unable to appoint a women as senate due to the fact that they aren't considered "persons"

1927 - The famous five : appeal this to the council and won

1930- carine wilson is the first women appointed senate

Gender Roles in Politics

By: Mackenzie & Keyah

Image by Tom Mooring

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