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Irony, Oxymoron, Paradox
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A paradox in literature refers to the use of concepts/ ideas that are contradictory to one another, yet, when placed together they express a deeper truth. It is a statement or group of statements that leads to a contradiction or a situation which (if true) defies logic or reason. For simplicity, think of it as more or less a play on words. At its minimum, the following sentence can be proven to be logically challenging:
CONTRADICTIONS
figurative language that employs deliberate contradictions for effect...
VERBAL IRONY
VERBAL
The contrast between what is said and what is meant.
(sarcasm is a type of verbal irony)
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms
ex: "What an ideal day for a picnic!" (when really it is stormy.)
DRAMATIC IRONY
The contrast between what the character thinks to be true and what the reader knows to be true.
IRONY
DRAMATIC
OXYMORON
PARADOX
ex: In "The Lion King", we know that Scar killed Mufasa, but Simba spends half the film thinking it was his fault.
SITUATIONAL IRONY
examples:
jumbo shrimp
living dead
bittersweet
organized mess
alone in a crowd
irregular pattern
sweet sorrow
The contrast or discrepancy between the expected result and actual results.
SITUATIONAL
"I can resist anything but temptation." - Oscar Wilde
In this example, the claim "I can resist anything" implies the resistance to 100 percent of any temptation; that is however, except for 'temptation' itself, which then seems to claim the resistance to essentially nothing (since any thing desired is via temptation).
Another example is something found in the real world work force: you cannot get a job without experience, yet it is not possible to gain experience without a job. There is seemingly no solution.
ex: "The Gift of the Magi" - the woman in the story by O. Henry sells her long hair to get a watch chain for her husband, and he sells the watch to get a decorative comb accessory for his wife's hair.
(Wikipedia)
Matthew 10:39
"He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it."