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What You Will Learn... Sec. 1
Main Ideas
1.Egypt was called the gift of the Nile because the Nile River gave life to the desert.
2.Civilization developed along the Nile after people began farming in this region.
3.Strong kings unified all of Egypt.
The Big Idea
The water, fertile soils, and protected setting of the Nile Valley allowed a great civilization to arise in Egypt around 3200 BC.
Key Terms and People
cataracts
delta
Menes
pharaoh
dynasty
What You Will Learn... Sec. 2
Main Ideas
1.In early Egyptian society, pharaohs ruled as gods and were at the top of the social structure.
2.Religion shaped Egyptian life.
3.The pyramids of Egypt were built as tombs for the pharaohs.
The Big Idea
Egyptian government and religion were closely connected during the Old Kingdom.
Key Terms and People
Old Kingdom
Khufu
nobles
afterlife
mummies
elite
pyramids
engineering
You Will Learn... Sec. 3
Main Ideas
1.The Middle Kingdom was a period of stable government between periods of disorder.
2.In the New Kingdom, Egyptian trade and military power reached their peak, but Egypt’s greatness did not last.
3.Work and daily life were different for each of Egypt’s social classes.
The Big Idea
During the Middle and New Kingdoms, order and greatness were restored in Egypt.
Key Terms and People
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
trade routes
Queen Hatshepsut
Ramses the Great
What You Will Learn... sec. 4
Main Ideas
1.The Egyptians developed a writing system using hieroglyphics.
2.The Egyptians created magnificent temples, tombs, and works of art.
The Big Idea
The Egyptians made lasting achievements in writing, architecture, and art.
Key Terms and People
hieroglyphics
papyrus
Rosetta Stone
sphinxes
obelisk
King Tutankhamen
What You Will Learn... Sec. 5
Main Ideas
1.The geography of early Nubia helped civilization develop there.
2.Kush and Egypt traded, but they also fought.
3.Later Kush became a trading power with a unique culture.
4.Both internal and external factors led to the decline of Kush.
The Big Idea
The kingdom of Kush, which arose south of Egypt in a land called Nubia, developed an advanced civilization with a large trading network.
Key Terms and People
Piankhi
trade network
merchants
exports
imports
Queen Shanakhdakheto
King Ezana
HistoryClassRoom.com
Ch. 4