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How Can This Hurt Earth?
Earth has been hit many times by asteroids and comets whose orbits bring them into the inner solar system. Depending on the size of the impacting object, such a collision can cause massive damage on local to global scales.
Video
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe/videos/the-universe-comets
Where Are They?
Comets seem to be found in two places: some far beyond the edge of the solar system called the Oort Cloud, and some beyond Neptune in a region called the Kuiper Belt.
What Are Comets?
Credits
How Are They Formed?
Comets are left over forms of stars and planets. They are made of rock and ice and rotate around the sun. they have tails because the sun reflects off the tail.
When the gravity from a large passing body, like a star, becomes strong enough, some large chunks of ice get pulled away from the cloud and head toward the Sun. As that ball of ice gets close enough to the Sun, its heat begins to melt some of the ice that makes up the comet. The melted ice becomes a gaseous tail that extends away from the source of the heat (in this case, the Sun). The tail is pushed out by the Sun's solar wind.
http://pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/public/asteroid-threat/asteroid_threat.html
http://deepimpact.umd.edu/educ/
mod_ExploringComets/04_ExploringComets_SolarSystem.pdf