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Medical Breakthroughs of the 1950's
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Medical Breakthroughs of the 1950's
Technology
Paul Zoll develops the first cardiac pacemaker to control irregular heartbeat in 1952. His pacemaker put out about a maximum of 150 volts.
James Watson and Francis Crick at Cambridge University describe the structure of the DNA molecule. Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Frankiln at King's college in London are also studying DNA.
Professor Ian Donald of Scotland, who developed practical technology and applications for ultrasound in the 1950s.
By: Jesse Engstrom
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Polio
In 1955, Dr. Jonas Salk developed the inactivated polio Vaccine. He grew it originally in a monkey kidney cell. it contained 3 types of the polio virus.
Polio is caused by one of three types of polio virus, which are members of the Enterovirus genus.
Polio is a highly infectious illness that spreads through contact between people, by nasal and oral secretions, and by contact with contaminated feces
Vaccines
Operations
Dr. Joseph E. Murray performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins in 1954
Dr Gibbon did his first human operation in February 1952, using his machine on a 15-month-old girl
Vaccines in this time were cheaper
In 1955, John Salk develops the first polio vaccination
By the late 50s the reccomended vaccines were smallpox, Diptheria, Tetarus,Perussia,Polio
Dr. Willem Kolff and Dr. Tetsuzo Akutzu implants the first artificial heart in a dog. The animal survives 90 minutes.
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Disease
In 1957, Takeuchi and Shimizu reported a case of an unknown disease characterized by hypoplasia of the internal carotid arteries. Later known as Moyamoya Disease
In 1950, University of California researcher John Gofman (1918–2007) and his associates identified today’s two well-known cholesterol types: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). He discovered that men who developed atherosclerosis had elevated levels of LDL and low levels of HDL.
Terms and Definitions
- Hypoplasia- abnormal deficiency of cells or structural elements.
- Moyamoya Disease- disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted. Blood flow is blocked by the constriction and also by blood clots.
- LDL- a plasma that is the major carrier of cholesterol in the blood.
- HDL- a blood constituent involved in the transport of cholesterol and associated with decreased risk of atherosclerosis and a heart attack.
- Atherosclerosis- when a fatty substance forms a deposit of plague on the inner lining of arterial walls.