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King Louis XVI

  • Louis XVI became king of France in 1774.
  • He grew up in a very wealthy and strong family, though his personality was shy.
  • He faced enormous debt and rising resentment towards a despotic monarchy.
  • He was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793.
  • He was the last King of France.

http://frenchrevolutionhathcock.weebly.com/king-louis-xvi-himself.html

5 W's

http://historymad.stmaryscollegehull.co.uk/3ContentPages/KS3/enemies/GuidetoFrenchRev2012.htm

The Three Estates

Marie Antoinette

who- King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and citizen of France

what- the revolution begins

where- France

when- 1789-1799

why- inequalities in society and ideas of the enlightenment

  • Born in Austria.
  • She was only 14 years old when she married the future Louis XVI.
  • Marie Antoinette was put on trial for treason and theft, as well as a false and disturbing charge of sexual abuse against her own son.
  • Marie Antoinette was executed by the guillotine on October 16 1793

First estate- made up of the Roman Catholic clergy (only 1% of the population) and paid no taxes

Second estate- Nobility (less than 2% of the population.) They controlled wealth of the country and paid little taxes.

Third estate- The Commoners were the largest group (about 97% of the population) made of three different groups

http://womenshistory.about.com/od/rulerspre20th/p/marieantoinette.htm

The French Revolution

Financial Crisis

  • France was in debt because they had borrowed money to spend on wars such as the American Revolution.
  • King Louis tried to tax the second class but they refused to pay.
  • Soon after the country was bankrupt.

The Enlightenment Ideas

http://whap.mrduez.com/2013_01_01_archive.html

The Reign of Terror

  • The Enlightenment Ideas inspired the French Revolution,
  • Many people in the 3rd estate knew about the writings of philosophers (John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu)
  • The American Revolution also inspired the French to rebel against the Monarchy.

- known for the series of accusations, trials and executions

-came about to avoid a possible counterrevolution

  • (a revolution against a government established by a revolution.)

-created a a wave of fear throughout the country.

http://web.utk.edu/~gerard/romanticpolitics/reignofterror.html

5 W's

who- citizens of France, Robespierre

what-The reign of Terror

where- Europe, France

when- 1793-1794

why- marked the reasons why France would never return to a monarchy

A Radical Government

-where France would no longer be a constitutional monarchy

-this government were grouped into three political factions

  • Montagnards (most radical)
  • Girondins (moderates)
  • Plain (swing voters)

-they tightened control then transformed society

Death by Guillotine

Guillotine- a device that dropped a sharp, heavy blade through the victims neck

  • this was the most common sentence
  • fast and effective
  • so effective that it could kill more than one person per minute
  • they spared no particular class
  • during the 10 months of the Reign of Terror, about 17,000 were executed

http://boisdejustice.com/History/History.html

After the Terror

-another constitution was written

  • restricted voting rights

-voters elected a governing board called the Directory

  • made up of 5 men called directors
  • passes some financial reforms
  • not efficient

- France's troubles continued

  • directors were weak
  • no one really in control

American military history

D.C. health and company in Lexington

Accusations and Trials

Guillotine Example

-leaders used the Revolutionary Tribunal to rid the county of dissent

-Robespierre declared government needs to use terror to defend republic

-soon everybody was getting called into trial

  • these people had few rights and some were forbidden to even defend themselves
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