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-To explain the strip mining,

underground mining and its

consequences in the environment.

- To know the definition of mining, and the places where it is done.

- To learn more about soil machinery and

tecniques.

Mining Impact

Coal mining, the first step in the dirty lifecycle of coal, causes deforestation and releases toxic amounts of minerals and heavy metals into the soil and water. Coal mining’s effects persist for years after coal is removed.

Strip mining (also known as open cast, or surface mining) involves scraping away earth and rocks to get to coal buried near the surface. Causing scars on the landscape.

Impacts of strip mining:

- Destroys landscapes, forests and wildlife habitats.

- Soil erosion and destruction of agricultural land.

- When rain washes the loosened top soil into streams, sediments pollute waterways. This can hurt fish or even aquatic plants destroying the waterways.

- Strip mining causes noise disturbing the animals that live near there

Places where

it is done

In Australia, Argentina, US, Colombia,

Mexico, Chile, Peru, Canada, Russia and

others

Underground Mining

Underground mining techniques are used to excavate hard minerals, mainly metals. This is the most common is viewed as less destructive than strip mining,but it still causes damages to the environment

Places where it is done:

Consequences

- Causes huge amounts of waste earth and rock to be brought to the surface – waste that often becomes toxic when it comes into contact with air and water.

- This causes serious damage to buildings because the land doesn´t become very stable.

- Coal mining produces also greenhouse gas emissions.

Metals:

Strip Mining: The one that is most removed from the ground are mine coal , rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay.

Underground Mining: gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds

how mining affect soil

Objectives:

mining techniques and machinery

Wastes in soil

vehicles

hand pick

drills

roads

sub-level capacity rooms

dynamite

Ore mills generate large amounts of waste, called tailings. For example, 99 tons of waste are generated per ton of copper, with even higher ratios in gold mining

These tailings can be toxic. Tailings, which are usually produced as a slurry, are most commonly dumped into ponds made from naturally existing valleys. These ponds are secured by impoundments

how does it affect fertility

Objectives:

Mining is one of the most common sources of livelihood for a lot of nations in the world. Are there any consequences related to mining that can affect the fertility of soil in areas near the mining sites?

Tilling/Mining may disturb the ground compaction... If the ground compaction is disturbed, the blending of top soil , sub soil and regolith may occur. As the result... denitrified infertile soil may be formed... since fertility is indirectly proportional to the soil compaction

Gravel

Coal

Potash

Clay

Rock salt

Diamonds

Nickel

Gold

Zinc

Silver

Copper

Definition

Australia, Albania, Canada, Chile,

Republic of the Congo, Finland, France

Mexico, New Zeland, Germany, Poland,

Portugal, US, UK, Spain, South Africa, Ecuador

and almost in all the countries.

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, or reef, which forms the mineralized package of economic interest to the miner.

Environmental effects

surface minning

consequences

Surface mining is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation, dirt, and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore deposits. Techniques of surface mining include: open-pit mining, which is the recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground, quarrying or gathering building materials from an open pit mine

Environmental issues can include erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes. In some cases, additional forest logging is done in the vicinity of mines to create space for the storage of the created debris and soil.[29] Contamination resulting from leakage of chemicals can also affect the health of the local population if not properly controlled.[30] Extreme examples of pollution from mining activities include coal fires, which can last for years or even decades, producing massive amounts of environmental damage.

Make the environment-poverty link and introduce cutting-edge wealth measures and natural capital accounts.

Reform old taxes in line with more recent financial innovation, engage directly with the companies, enacting land use and impact assessments, and incorporate specialised support and standards agencies.

Set in play transparency and community participation initiatives using the wealth accrued.

Image by Tom Mooring

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