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Most of the mountains are formed from volcanoes. Some are formed by force such as faulting and cracking in the Earth's crust.
Our next volcano is Erta Ale. It is 613 meters high. It is an Active volcano that is constantly erupting. Erta Ale has one of the most active lava lakes in the world.
Many expected earthquakes will fall onto the East African Rift
Many are caused by shifting of the plates along the East African Rift and the Milnerton Rift. Another popular cause is fracking, or hydraulic fracturing. This is caused when build up liquids force the rock underneath us apart. This normally only forms small earthquakes.
Here in this location, is where the atlas mountains are located. The Atlas Mountains were formed by a rift system. It extends 1500 miles.
Ol Doinyo Lengai has a summit elevation of up to 2890 meters. It is the only active volcano known to erupt natrocarbonatite. It's lava temperatures normally only hit 600 degrees Celsius. It's lava is supplied by a crater within the volcano. When Lengai erupts, its usually only a minor to a moderate eruption and can't cause any damage to a people unless they are around to see it explode.
While they are common, many are small scale ones measuring about 3-4 on the Richter scale
Seismologist measure earthquakes in the Richter scale, ranking from 1-10.
Lakes in Africa
Lake Victoria
This is the largest lake in Africa. It is made up of freshwater. Lake Victoria is about 400,000 years old.
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika is the second largest of the Great lakes of eastern Africa. It is the longest and second deepest freshwater lake in the world.
Lake Malawi
It is the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. It is the ninth largest in the world.
-December 4, 1809, 6.5 on Richter scale
-December 31, 1932, 6.5 on Richter scale
-September 29, 1969, 6.3 on Richter scale, 12 dead
-August 12, 1976, 5.2 on Richter scale, 6 story building colasped
Deserts in Africa
Here is a map showing different locations of mountain ranges in Africa.
Sahara Desert
It is one of the largest deserts in the world. It makes up almost 10% of the African continent.
Kalahari Desert
This desert is located in the southern part of Africa. It covers an area of 900,000 sq. kilometers. (350,000 sq. miles).
Here is a diagram of the inside a volcano
Africa is bordered by the North american, south American, Eurasian and the Indo-Australian Plates.
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Jan 04 11:38 2.8
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Jan 03 21:31 2.0
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Dec 28 00:42 3.3
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Dec 27 22:47 3.6
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Dec 27 22:17 2.6
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Dec 27 17:51 2.7
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Dec 27 17:46 5.4
-Canary Islands, Spain Region Dec 27 17:46 5.1
Here is the location of Mt. Kilimanjaro. It remains as the highest peak in Africa. Mt. Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain in Africa and was formed by volcanoes. Mt. Kilimanjaro has three cones. Two of them are extinct but one is still dormant. This means that it can erupt but it is unlikely for it to do so.
Ridges in Africa
Questions:
What Plates border the African Plate?
What is the evidence of the connection to Pangaea?
Mid-Atlantic ridge: It is considered as one of the best-known divergent boundaries. It submerged into a mountain range, extending from the Arctic Ocean to beyond the southern tip of Africa.
Central Indian ridge: The Central Indian Ridge is a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the African plate and the Indo-Australian plate.
Southwest Indian ridge: It is a slow oceanic ridge. It is between Africa and Antarctica. It joins the Mid Indian and Southwest Indian ridges east of Madagascar.
Rift valleys in Africa
East African rift valley: A continental rift zones that is developing divergent tectonic plate boundaries. It was considered part of the Great Rift Valley.
Great Rift Valley: It is over 5000 km long. It’s separated into two branches, the eastern rift and the western rift.
Different mountain ranges in Africa
Mt. Kilimanjaro: This mountain is the tallest mountain in Africa and was formed by volcanoes. It is 19,340 feet tall.
Atlas Mountains: The Atlas Mountains were formed by a rift system. It extends 1500 miles.
Mt. Kenya: Mount Kenya is the second largest mountain in Africa. Volcanoes formed it 3.5 million years ago.
Table Mountain: Table Mountain is known as one of the oldest mountains. The table shape results from wind and water erosion.
The effects of earthquakes can be devastating. It can kill hundreds of people and destroy thousands of homes in just a few short minutes if it has enough force.
The Plate boundaries are all divergent boundaries on the South, West, East and North East coasts off the African Plate. On African Northern coast, there is hardly any plate movement.
Rivers
Senegal river
It is 1,112 miles in length and forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania.
Niger River
It is 2,597 miles in length. The Niger River is the main river of western Africa.
Nile River
It is 4,132 miles in length. The Nile River is flows northward. It is the longest river in the world. It is located in northeastern Africa.
Congo River
It is 2,920 miles in length. The Congo River is a river in Africa and the world’s deepest river. It is also the second largest river in the world by volume.
Created by Hwanwook Seong, Aidan Hernandez, Maya Sandy, and Lydia Dalton-O'Dell
Class project on Earths plate tectonics