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Critical Events Continued (2)

November 1999: The separatist group announces an end to its 14-month ceasefire in a Basque newspaper.

Conflict Resolution

8 April 2007: Eta says it is ready to make new commitments to peace if Spanish authorities end "attacks" against it.

Critical Events (2)

  • 17 October 2011: International negotiators including former ex-UN chief Kofi Annan, former Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern and Irish nationalist Gerry Adams urge Eta to declare a definitive end to its 40-year campaign of violence. They ask Spain and France to welcome such a declaration and agree to talks, and propose a reconciliation process.

1959: Eta is founded with the aim of creating an independent homeland

2 August 2008: Eta's De Juana Chaos is freed from jail after serving 21 years for killing 25 people. His release sparks outrage.

1968: Eta kills its first victim

1980: 118 people are killed in Eta's bloodiest year so far.

5 September 2010: Eta announces decision "not to carry out offensive armed actions" The Spanish government dismisses the announcement, saying Eta has broken such ceasefires before.

Impacts:

1997: Eta kidnaps and kills Miguel Angel Blanco, sparking national outrage and bringing six million Spaniards onto the streets.

Impacts:

  • it now seems that a definitive end has come to the terrorist campaign that began in 1959 and has claimed over 800 lives.

September 1998: Eta announces its first indefinite ceasefire since its campaign of violence began effective from 18 September.

People

Community/Country

The eta has impacted the lives of many people, they lived in fear and worrying about what might happen next.

The eta killed over 800 people

They impacted the community and country because the eta would usually destroy tourist attractions and bombed buses.

Start of the conflict

  • (3) The eta and spanish conflict began in 1959, when they launched a campaign attack against spanish administration.
  • (4) It mostly took place in Spain but was also present in France
  • (3) Although the debate on Basque independence started in the 19th century, the armed conflict did not start until ETA was created

Impacts

International relations

  • Basque was mainly in Spain but it had some land in France.
  • France helped capture several of the eta members which helped Spain a lot.
  • France had plenty security guards and police officers.

Opposing Viewpoints

  • (1) The basque part in Spain wanted to separate and become its own country.
  • (2) They thought they had nothing to do with Spain, they did not speak the same language, have the same cultures etc.

5 Dangerous Ideas

Superiority: The basque country was superior to Spain.

Injustice: Innocent people were dying.

Vulnerability: the Spain people were scared and living in fear.

Area of Conflict:

Distrust: The government did nor trust the eta.

Helplessness: The Spaniards had no control.

Opposing Forces

(1) ETA, abbreviation of Basque Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (“Basque Homeland and Liberty”), Basque separatist organization in Spain that used terrorism in its campaign for an independent Basque state.

Bibliography

  • (1) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11181982 ( BBC News)
  • (2) http://www.flashpoints.info/CB-Basque-Spain.html
  • (3) http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/spain/131105/spain-eta-basque-conflict-film
  • (4) http://www.elkarri.org/en/textos/quienes1.php
  • (5) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24870601
  • (6)http://news.yahoo.com/large-protest-spain-release-eta-prisoners-134204145.html

Spain- ETA conflict

Alexia Marotta

Period 3

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