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20.1 Conflicts Divide Nations

Conflicts often arise from ethnic or religious differences

Sri Lanka

Troubles in Northern Ireland

Yugoslavia Breaks Apart

In 1960s both sides had extremists and they started to use terrorism and violence.

Catholics demanded civil rights

Peace talks dragged on for years. in 1988, Protestants and Catholics singed a peace accord, known as the Good Friday Agreement

In Sri Lanka most people are Sinhalese Buddhists. They wanted Sinhalese to the only language spoken in Sri Lanka. When it became the official language, a bloody Civil War started with the Tamils. In 2002, a ceasefire ended the war and the Tamil got their own government.

Soldiers carry the Sri Lankan Flag, center, flanked by unit flags.

In the 1990s Yugoslavia fell apart because of , religious, nationalist, and ethnic tensions

Yugoslavia was made up of more than one ethnic groups including Serbs, Montenegrins, and Macedonians.

Macedonians (Orthodox Christians)

Croats and Slovenes (Roman Catholics)

The majority of Yugoslavians (Serbs, Montenegrin, Croats,, and Bosnia's) all spoke Serbo-Croation.

Conflict in Kosovo

Civil War Destroys Bosnia

Lack of War in Canada

90% of Kosovo's population was Albanians, 10% were Serbian

Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic wanted Kosovo's just for Serbian. He attempted to use Ethnic cleansing on the Albanians.

The UN and NATO stepped in and stopped him from doing this

In 1999 the UN took control of Kosovo

The end of Republics

In 1992, Bosnian declared independence

Serbian Bosnia's went to war with Croatia.

Both sides did horrible things

Ethnic Cleansing - killing people from other ethnic groups or forcibly removing them from their homes to create ethnically "pure" areas( World History: The Modern Era p. 684).

Ethnic Cleansing on both sides was similar to World War II. This is a scaled down version of genitive.

The Dayton Accords ended the Bosnia Civil War in 1995

Some ethnic groups found out how to get along

Canada is an example

Quebec used a democratic government so that they did not have to go to war.

War in Chechnya

Ethnic minorities fought to gain freedom from being controlled by the republic majorities.

The fall of communism led to nationalist unrest.

In 1991, Slovenia and Croatia were the first to declare independence from Yugoslavia.

When Croatia declared independence fighting started between Croats and Serbs.

Soon after Croatia declared independence. Macedonia and Bosnia declared independence from Yugoslavia.

By 1992, Yugoslavia was left with the republics of Montenegro and Serbia.

Yugoslavia was renamed Serbia and Montenegro in 2003.

In mid-1990s Russia distorted a Chechen revolt and killed a huge number of civilians

Conclusion

Most of these conflicts were fought over religious and ethnic ideas. Throughout history, these ideas have caused wars because one group thinks they are better than another. The conflicts in eastern Europe in the 1990s were quite destructive because of Ethnic cleansing.

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