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Use ground stations and communication satellites. Ground stations are placed approx. 50km apart so that they can 'see' each other.
Cellular network uses ground based towers:
Digital signal is used instead of analogue as it is not as badly affected by noise/interference so digital signals do not attenuate.
Attenuate - lose energy.
A satellite that orbits the Earth completely in around 24 hours and stays at a fixed point.
MICROWAVES - high frequency (300MHz to 300 GHz in range), short wavelength signals.
Microwaves use point-to-point telecommunications (the signal is focused into a narrow beam), so can be used for ground based and satellite communication.
Wide area wireless is used in mobile phones (travels several to several thousand kilometers).
Radio waves cannot be used for satellite communication because they are reflected by the ionosphere; microwaves can pass through.