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Haitian Revolution

1791-1804

Well Known Faces in the Haitian Revolution

Boukman Dutty - enslaved (rebellion's lead organizer in 1791), gave the word

Toussaint L'ouverture

Revolution according to Todd?

an affranchi/mulatto

the opener of the way to freedom

When people attempt to completely transform the social, economic, political and ideological features of their society.

1793 - pledged to the Spanish

rebel army - several thousand

became governor

1796 switches to French

seized by Victor Emmanuel Leclerc's troops

1802 - dies in prison

Georges Biassou

Jeannot

Jean Francois

Henri Christophe

Geographical

What revolution was the Haitian?

Yes according to Allan Todd's Revolution.. I would consider the Haitian revolution as matching to his believe.

"I want liberty and

equality to reign in

Saint-Dominique"

BECAUSE

The revolution is a defiantly a social revolution because they tend to be much more violent than political revolutions. What led the revolution was the violence that kept the energy in the people and also in the revolution. The possibility of transforming society is also linked to evolution. Meaning that new technologies would change the way the people thought early then. In fact, the more radical aspects are sometimes rolled back and the revolution reverts to its original aim, which was to abolish slavery in St.Donmingue. But as the Revolution carried on the goal was to make its own state.

The desire for a new society who are fighting for change created bloody uprisings. However support is needed from old, young, poor and women who are the minority. The following consequence is that they were ready to risk their lives for a change. Yet, people were scared of a counter revolution, which could have easily happen.

Haiti has a tropical climate, was used for trading goods, such as coffee, sugar and in the very beginning leather and smoked beef called Bucan... Pirates started investing in sugar and coffee plantations in 1700, which were thriving at both producing sugar and working people to death... Working on plantations was a brutal work for slaves...

Revolution Form

Where is Haiti?

Goals

The Haitian Revolution took many forms it took both non-violent and violent forms depending on where it took place. It was a social revolution.

Resisting Slavery

Slaves

Other than revolting they:

  • Committed infanticide
  • Committed suicide
  • Plotted to kill their masters
  • Ran away from the plantations

France

Supported slavery then a small population begn to protest.

1788 Société des Amis des Noirs (Society of the Friends of the Blacks) was formed

  • wrote pamphlets
  • lobbied the french government
  • In fact, the Haitian revolution began with a revolt of black African slaves in August 1791, which essentially changed the social and political features of the society, not only in Haiti.

Slave Treatment

Haiti

Usage

The rebels wanted a change for the slaves. What the wanted specifically in order to improve working conditions on the plantations was:

  • days of rest
  • end of punishment
  • end of whip use

Social Revolution

Did:

  • malnutrition, rape, torture, worked to death
  • bad food (better crops thought would give them independent thinking and do thing on their own initiative)
  • hung from trees by the arms and beaten as a warning to other slaves
  • no effort to doctor their wounds
  • change of treatment towards slaves
  • abolish slavery
  • improve working conditions
  • equality and freedom for all

Influences

-better working conditions

- days of rest

- no more whip

- end of unfair treatment

Did not:

  • Church encourage harshness
  • Church equated black skin to sinful ways and evil

Economic

  • want more money
  • help the French economical crisis

Outer Attacks

Spain and Britain

The colonial economy was export driven, dominated by agriculture and trade. Thus, the colonial economy fueled the social imbalance that led to the revolution.

Haiti is an island and it's located between Cuba and Puerto Rico, and south of the Turks and Caicos.

Social

Social stratification was based on inherited position rather than personal merits.

1. Big white planters, which owned most of the property. They were the white colonists (blancs)

2. Gens de couleur libres (which included light-skinned and dark-skinned blacks).

Continued Goals...

King Louis emancipated slaves in France (rumor)

Saint Dominique refusal

New goals:

abolition of slavery

- burn down plantations

(over 1000)

- killed white masters

1791 - negotiation for working conditions (rebel leaders/colonists)

Freedom from France (who were angered by the lack of profit from lack of slaves)

Manifesto

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Talk in France inspired ideas in their colonies

San Domingo wanted these rights as well

"men are born and remain free and equal in rights"

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