Karl Marx-Sociology

The Rise of Industrialization and Capitalism

The industrialization is not a single act, but a cumulative process that played out in Europe that began around the 16th century, transitioning from feudalism to industrial capitalism/ industrial urbanism. Many farmers we transplanted, uprooted (gentrified) to move to the city; this process actually began with the transformation of feudalism, to capitalism.

The Enlightenment

Political Revolutions

Federici writies, "The development of capitalism was not only possible to the crisis of feudal power. Throughout Europe, vast communalistic social movements and rebellions against feudalism had offered the promise of a new egalitarian society built on social equality and cooperation" (Caliban and the Witch, 61).

I. Kant asked, "What is the enlightenment?"

His response, "Dare to know! (Sapere aude). Have the courage to use your own understanding..."

Science

Politics/

Philosophy

1. American Revolution, 1776

- Challenged English Aristocracy

- First Secularist Government

- Developed a 'New' Social Contract

- Constitution

Political

Economy

Politics/Philosophy

Bacon,

New Organum

Hobbes,

Leviathan

Smith,

Wealth of Nations

Theoretical Paradigms

2. French Revolution, 1789

- Demise of the Absolutist State

- Politically Challenging

- Joseph de Maistre & Louis de Bonald

wanted to return to a Medieval Period.

- Jean Jacques Rousseau & Charles

Montesquieu wanted to (re)formulate

social organization.

Rousseau,

Social Contract

Karl Marx

Karl Marx

What Were the Defining Moments which influenced Marx?

The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844.

"We accepted its vocabulary and its laws" ( Kivisto 3).

Born: 05 May 1818

Trier, Kingdom of Prussia

Died: 14 March 1883 (aged 64)

London, United Kingdom

"We presupposed private property, the separation of labour, capital, and land, and likewise of wages, profit, and ground rent; also division of labour; competition; the concept of exchange value, etc" (ibid).

Philosopher, Economist, Historian, Journalist, and Social Revolutionary.

1. Political Revolutions

2. Industrial Revolution and the rise of Capitalism

3. Rise of Socialism

4. Feminism

5. Urbanization

6. Religious changes

7. The Growth of Science

"[The labourer] does not confirm himself in his work, he denies himself, feels miserable instead of happy, deploys no free physical and intellectual energy, but mortifies his body and ruins his mind" (Kivisto 5).

The German Ideology

"Hitherto men have constantly made up for themselves false

conceptions about themselves, about what they are and what

they ought to be" (Kivisto 11).

"The premise from which we begin are not arbitrary ones, not dogmas,

but real premisses from which abstraction can only be made in the

imagination" (Kivisto 12).

"The first premiss of all human history is, of course, the existence of

living human individuals" (ibid).

Books: Grundrisse; Captial Vol. I - III; Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right; Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844; A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy; Writings on the U.S. Civil War; Wrote a few articles for the NY Times to only mention a few.

"As individuals express their life, so they are" (ibid).

"What are they, ...coincides with their production, both with what they

produce and how they produce" (ibid).

Breaking Through the Cracks

Karl Marx