Both Views

Recap

See the essay on your handouts.

a.How the body paragraph is constructed?

b.What types of argumentative methods are applied in the essay?

c.Any good vocabulary to be learnt?

Argumentative methods

Good vocabulary

Paragraph structure

On the other hand, I can understand the arguments against government funding for art. The main reason for this view is that governments have more important concerns. For example, state budgets need to be spent on education, healthcare, infrastructure and security, among other areas. These public services are vital for a country to function properly, whereas the work of creative artists, even in public places, is a luxury. Another reason for this opinion is that artists do a job like any other professional, and they should therefore earn their own money by selling their work.

On the other hand, I can understand the arguments against government funding for art. The main reason for this view is that governments have more important concerns. For example, state budgets need to be spent on education, healthcare, infrastructure and security, among other areas. These public services are vital for a country to function properly, whereas the work of creative artists, even in public places, is a luxury. Another reason for this opinion is that artists do a job like any other professional, and they should therefore earn their own money by selling their work.

Recap by retelling

Give example

Argumentation

Can you give an example to prove the following idea?

How to construct a paragraph?

Compare & Contrast

Step 1. Present your idea - Topic sentence

distance-learning programme:
 Convenient 


Step 2. Extend the idea - Explanation

Step 3. Support the idea - Argumentative evidence

Practice

Can you name some types of argumentative evidence?

C11T4

Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people, however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a country.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Students do not need to travel to school or attend classes at a fixed time if they register a distance-learning programme. This convenience means much to some group of people with special need to get education, such as full-time workers who are busy with working, mothers who have to take care of their babies, disabled people or those who admire to access a foreign university but cannot leave their homeland.

Group A: Prove Opinion 1 by giving examples.

Group B: Prove Opinion 2 by giving example.

Practice

Argumentative methods

C11T4

Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people, however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a country.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

1.Cause-effect

2.Give example

3.Compare & contrast

Prove Opinion 1 or 2 by comparing or contrasting.

Cause-effect

Identify cause and effect in the following paragraph.

Which groups of people will benefit from distant learning?

Many people believe that building new and wider roads can, to great extent, address traffic congestion. If wider roads were built in city centers, the road capacity would increase to allow more cars to drive at the same time. As a two-lane road becomes a four-lane road, it is less likely for a traffic jam to occur if the number of private cars remains the same. Similarly, were there an increasing number of roads, drivers would have more paths to choose from instead of sticking to the major lane. Therefore, less cars would be stuck at the peak hour when commuting.

Identify cause and effect in the following paragraph.

Another way in which the arts can help students is that they can improve self-confidence. This is because art is often about making a product. It might be something concrete like a painting or object, or it might be something abstract like a piece of music. Both types of product need plenty of time and creativity and, as a result, can make someone feel very proud of the outcome. This sense of achievement may then stimulate someone to achieve more in other subjects.

Practice

C11T4

Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people, however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a country.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

words and phrases

Sequence them according to the casual logic

　　1) Cause：because, as, since, due to, owing to….

　　2) Result：hence，thus，therefore，As a consequence,…，Accordingly…，As a result…，Consequently…， so…that…结果

Sequence them according to the casual logic

Group A: Prove Opinion 1 by using cause and effect.

Group B: Prove Opinion 2 by using cause and effect.

Fill in the blanks with words or phrases that can properly indicate the cause-effect logic.

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighbourhood or teaching sports to younger children)

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Write about the following topic.

Some educationalists argue that non-exam, arts-based subjects, such as music, drama, art and craft, should be compulsory in the secondary-school curriculum. They believe that activities such as these can improve overall academic performance.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

sentence structure

Not easy to make money

　　1)The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that …

　　2)原因+accounts mainly for / are accountable for+结果

　　3)原因+be responsible for+结果

4)原因+contributes partly to+

Spend money in a more practical way

1. The students study drama throughout their school lives. _____________, they have high levels of self-confidence.

2. The artist was awarded a government grant _____________ he could work on his project full time.

3. You have to start with something easy _____________ develop your painting skills over time.

4. Theatre audiences have been smaller over the past year _____________ the economic recession.

5. People sometimes go to museums _____________ social purposes, such as to meet their friends.

Stimulate someone to achieve more in other subjects

Art is often about making a product

Do community service

Gain respect towards work

Feel very proud

Making a product needs plenty of time and creativity

Task analysis

What is the difference between the questions?

Essay Structure

C6T1

Successful sports professions can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Brainstorm reasons for each opinion.

a. Computers are being used more and more in education and so there will soon be no role for the teacher in education.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

b. Computers are being used more and more in education.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion.

c. Computers are being used more and more in education. Some people say that this is a positive trend, while others argue that it is leading to negative consequences.

Discuss both views and then give your own opinion.

Opinion 1: Some people think this is fully justified.

Reasons?

Opinion 2: Others think it is unfair.

Reasons?

Para.1: Introduction

Open： no specific reasons or ideas have been provided (positive or negative effects / alternative)

Restricted： specific reasons or ideas to be discussed

Identify background and opinions in the introduction

As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.

Para.2 : discussion on Opinion1

Matching

See the model answer on your handouts.

Can you summarise basic structures for a both-view essay.

Which argument is made for Opinion 1?

Which argument is made against Opinion 1?

Your personal position do not have to be presented in the introduction of both-view questions.

Identify two sides of opinions in the question.

Para.3 : give your own opinion

How the writer present his own view.

Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.

Para.3 : discussion on Opinion 2

e.g.

A growing number of people feel that animals should not be exploited by people and that they should have the same rights as humans, while others argue that humans must employ animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food and research.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.

P1: As a result of

P2: Many people find

P3: Those who feel that

P4:Personally

Which argument is made for Opinion 2?

Which argument is made against Opinion 2?

Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.

Discussion of Opinion 1

Give your Own opinions

Background

Discussion of Opinion 2

animals should not be exploited by people and that they should have the same rights as humans

Opinion 1:

humans must employ animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food and research

Opinion 2:

Both Views