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Unit 2 Lesson 1: The Land Between Two Rivers

Early River Valley Civilizations

The Tigris and Euphrates

This land between these rivers is known as Mesopotamia. Northern Mesopotamia sits on a high, flat land called a plateau. Southern Mesopotamia lays on the low, flat land called an alluvial plain. ( which is formed from find soil left behind by rivers.) In the spring these rivers overflow and deposit tiny rocks and soil on land to form a layer of silt- which caused the soil to become rich and fertile.

Importance of Major River Systems

The early farmers used the water to grow surpluses of food. Surplus- extra amount of something. With extra food people could focus on other activities, which advanced cultures to form civilizations. The four major rivers systems early civilizations developed on are the Tigris and Euphrates, Nile, Huang He, and the Indus.

Importance of Major River Systems

Rivers attracted early civilizations for many reasons. The physical settings supported permanent settlements. People had enough water for

  • drinking
  • cooking
  • cleaning
  • bathing
  • crops
  • fishing
  • water for animals

The Tigris and Euphrates

The civilization which rose from the land of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was known as Sumer. Sumer lays in the southern part of the Fertile Crescent, which is an area known for its rich soil.

The rivers flow from mountains across the Fertile Crescent. Many tributaries, or rivers that flow into larger rivers, join the Tigris. These two rivers eventually join and flow into the Persian Gulf.

Importance Of Major River Systems

Why did rivers attract early civilizations?

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