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Main causes of poverty in Myanmar

Poverty headcount / Rural/Urban Poverty / Inequality per region

Nutrition/mortality rate (Health) /Child Welbeing Dimension

Multidimensional Poverty Profile

History of Myanmar

Source : CNN

Poverty in Economic Dimension

Poverty in Social Dimension

(Political/Social timeline)

GDP

growth rate

 HDI ranking : 149 out of 187 countries (2011) 

Union of Burma

Myanmar: A Country Rich in Resources, Poor in People.

Child Mortality rate www.bit.ly/RxkyPm

Unicef 2011

(data source from MICS2009/10)

69% total pop. living in rural(2007)

Lack of Education and Skills of mothers

affects children’s wellbeing

  • Got Independence: 4th January1948.
  • Not the member of the Commonwealth
  • Capital: Naypyidaw
  • Largest City : Yangon
  • Population: 48,336,762
  • GDP: $51.44 billion (2011, 0.08% of the world GDP)
  • GDP annual growth : 5.5% (2011)
  • Area: 676,578 km2 (261,227 sq mi) :40th largest country, the second largest in Southeast Asia
  • Current President: Thein Sein
  • Government: Presidential System, Unitary State, Republic Constitutional Republic
  • Ethnicity: Burma , Shan, Karen, Rakhine, Chinese, Indian, Mon, other
  • Potential: Resource Rich, Surplus labour, Rice production , Petroleum
  • Risk: Disaster prune, 2nd largest Opium production

Reverse poverty from urban to rural

GDP grows but Poverty goes up (22.9% →to 32%)

Benjamin, Isamu, Priyanka, Young

Unicef 2011 (data source from MICS2009/10)

Military dictatorship 1962-2010(Political insecurity, Poor governance) affected all areas of the country

No Freedom, No right

Excessive expenditure on military

Poor Public

Service Management

Military elites control over to State owned enterprise

(mainly Gas, oil)

  • Restricted/Controlled Media.
  • All music from abroad was banned.
  • Restricted Travel.
  • Oppress ethnic minority & pro-democracy movement

Is Real Hope emerging?

2011 handover of power from a military to a civilian government

Expenditure of State

Where does money come from, where does it go?

- Reform mindness of the goverment

- Release Aung San Suu Kyi and political

prisoners

- USA 'Pivot to Asia' : Obama's visiting in 2012

2% of GDP for health (2010 WHO)

Economic reform and opening up

  • Export control (rice)- surplus had to sell the government at low price until 1987→, after reform still tax rate at 36% (Burma: the state of Myanmar, p.203)

23.6% of the 2011 budget went to defense (military). (National League for Democracy (NLD) statement , March 2011)

-collaboration with international development actors .

- The Dawei project ( industrial complex project in southern Burma.)

- Reform the exchange rate

-Modification of Foreign Investment Promotion Act

-Privatization of state owned enterprise

Thank you!

  • Economic regulation

by Western country

  • Chronic Fiscal Deficit
  • Low investment in social infra (Education, Health, transportation, communication)
  • Lag behind in financial system
  • Complex double exchange rate
  • Low Foreign investment
  • High Inflation
  • Unbalanced investment

(discrimination against private enterprise)

  • Unequal distribution of the wealth
  • Low agriculture productivity (Unfavorable Agriculture policy, small input )
  • International isolation

Impact of Growth on poor was marginal

Poverty in

Social dimension

Poverty in

Economic Dimension

Poverty in

Political

Dimension

Recommendation

Advocacy & international pressures on

- Democracy (Good governance, reducing influence of military authority

- Human Right (resolving conflict with ethnic group)

- Anti-corruption (Clean up traditional personal connection)

Policy on Pro-poor growth

- Income Diversification

- Social Welfare, protection

- Investment on Social infrastructure

-Effective Natural Resource, Disaster management

UN strategy Framework (2012~2015)

Reference, Bibliography

Oh. et al. (2011) Myanmar's development potential : a socio-cultural and political analysis, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Strategic Priority 1

Encourage inclusive growth (both rural and urban), including

agricultural development and enhancement of employment

opportunities

Strategic Priority 2

Increase equitable access to quality social services

Strategic Priority 3

Reduce vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change

Strategic Priority 4

Promote good governance and strengthen democratic

institutions and human rights

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