Jupiter

JUPITER

Introduction

How was Jupiter made?

Jupiter

What is Jupiter composed of?

Jupiter has an iron - silicon core, which is surrounded by

The two most possible theories to answer the question are listed below.

metallic hydrogen and helium. This is encircled by liquid hydrogen and more helium.

Jupiter, named after the Roman King of Gods, is the first of the Gas Giants and the 5th planet from the sun.

• Jupiter was made from the leftover gas and dust from the sun, like all other planets in the Solar System are said to.
• A more recent theory suggests that Jupiter was formed from leftover particles from comets.

Jupiter: a star?

Jupiter is made of the same gases as the sun, and if it contained just 80 times more gas and nuclear fusion, the planet could have been a star!

Key facts about Jupiter

Length of Year: 11.86 Earth Years

Temperature in cloud tops:

-150 degrees Celsius

Day length: 9 hours 55 minutes

Distance from the sun: 778 million kilometers

Equatorial diameter: 142,980km

Galilean Moons

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The four moons that the astronomer Galileo discovered are named after him in his honour. They are:

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Ganymede

• The largest moon in the Solar System, and is even larger than the smallest planet, Mercury

Callisto

• Is the most heavily cratered moon on Jupiter (the craters are the bright dots)

Io

• Io is a highly volcanic moon - its volcanoes are 100 times more active than those on Earth!

Europa

• Europa is a moon that is said to have water and primitive life underneath its icy surface

How many moons does Jupiter have?

How do storms on Jupiter start?

Here are some videos I came across during research. They follow after each other and are in a series named 'Jupiter the Giant planet'.

Because Jupiter spins so quickly, strong winds blow. This causes jet streams (or weather bands). When jet streams start to blow at high speeds, they create storms such as hurricanes. Lightning on Jupiter is caused by positive and negative charges meeting in the air. Storms grow by hundreds of miles every day.

In 1610 the astronomer Galileo Galilei discovered and studied Jupiter's four largest moons. Now at least 64 moons have been discovered, making Jupiter the planet in the solar system with the greatest number of natural satellites.

What happens in a storm on Jupiter?

How were Jupiter's moons formed?

Most of Jupiter's moons formed when asteroids were pulled in by Jupiter's gravitational pull. As the asteroids teared apart, the leftover particles were pulled together by Jupiter. Now they are moons, orbiting the planet.

Storms on Jupiter are a bit like thunderstorms on Earth. Storms usually last for 3-4 days, although stronger storms exist for several months; the Great Red Spot (above) still exists after raging for over 300 years!

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Lightning is common on Jupiter. On Jupiter lightning is 10 times more powerful than lightning on Earth. The white flashes seen in the photo below are lightning. Hurricanes are also common, and are also more powerful than Earth's.

The Great Red Spot

The most famous of Jupiter's storms is the Great Red Spot, which is an anticyclone. (An anticyclone is a hurricane that spins backwards.) This storm has been raging for over 300 years and covers an area of 40,000km, the size of three Earths!

Why does Jupiter appear to have bands on its surface?

Jupiter has bands across its surface because of its clouds. Jupiter spins quickly, and strong winds whip clouds into bands.