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SOLAS regulation VI/9.1 (Requirements for cargo ships carrying grain) provides that a cargo ship carrying grain must hold a Document of Authorization as required by the International Grain Code, and for the purposes of regulation 9, the requirements of the Code should be treated as mandatory.
A ship without a Document of Authorization must not load grain until the master satisfies the flag State Administration, or the SOLAS Contracting Government of the port of loading on behalf of the Administration, that the ship will comply with the requirements of the International Grain Code in its proposed loaded condition (regulation 9.2).
A ship without a Document of Authorization must not load grain until the master satisfies the flag State Administration, or the SOLAS Contracting Government of the port of loading on behalf of the Administration, that the ship will comply with the requirements of the International Grain Code in its proposed loaded condition (regulation 9.2).
Grains such as
and their processed forms have been commonly transported by ships. Grains have a tendency to settle and shift within a ship's cargo compartments.
Grain Code defines “grain” as including wheat, maize (corn), oats, rye, barley, rice, pulses, seeds and processed forms thereof, whose behavior is similar to that of grain in its natural state .
A Document of Authorization must
be issued by or on behalf of the flag
State Administration for every ship
loaded in accordance with the Code,
and must be accepted as evidence that the ship is capable of complying with the Code (A 3.1).
A compartment may be full when the cargo is loaded but, due to ship's vibration and other movements, the grain settles leaving space at the top of the cargo. This space allows cargo to move from side to side in conjunction with the rolling and pitching of the vessel.
The Document of Authorization, grain loading
stability data and associated plans may be in
the official language or languages of the issuing
country. If the language used is neither English
nor French, the text must include a translation
into either English or French.
A copy of the Document of Authorization,
grain loading stability data and associated
plans must be placed on board so that the master, if required, may produce them for inspection by the SOLAS Contracting Government at the loading port (A 3.4).
As the cargo shifts the vessel lists to one side. The International Grain Code was written at a time when grain was predominantly carried onboard general cargo vessels, employing methods including saucering, bundling and strapping.
However, modern bulk carriers are designed and constructed taking the problems of carrying grain into consideration. The BLU Code refers to loading and discharging operations and develops an understanding of procedures.
The flag State Administration, or a SOLAS Contracting Government on its behalf, may exempt individual ships or classes of ship from particular requirements of the Code if it considers that the sheltered nature and conditions of the voyage are such as to render their application unreasonable or unnecessary.
Information in printed booklet form (i.e. a Grain Loading Manual) must be provided to enable the master to ensure that the ship complies with the Code when carrying grain in bulk on an international voyage (A 6.1). Information to be in the booklet is listed in A 6.2 and A 6.3. The information in A 6.2 must be acceptable to the flag State Administration (or a Contracting Government on its behalf), while the information in A 6.3 must be approved by that body.
A ship not having on board a Document of Authorisation issued in accordance with A 3 of the Code may be permitted to load bulk grain subject to certain conditions, one of which is that the total weight of the bulk grain does not exceed one third of the ship’s deadweight (A 9.1).
QUIZ
1. Give examples of grain commonly transported by ships
2. What happens in the compartment when grain is loaded?
4. Which is an example of a grain?
a. Wheat
b. Rice
c. Maize
d. All of the above
5. It is written when grain was predominantly carried on board general cargo, employing methods including saucering , bunding , and strapping.
a. International Grain Code
b. BLU code
c. Manual
d. Guide book
Quiz.
1. Defines “grain” as include wheat, maize, corn, oats, rye, rice ,etc.
a. Grain Code
b. Seeds
c. Food
d. IMO
2. What is must be provided to enable the master to ensure that the ship complies with the code carrying grain on bulk on a international voyage?
a. Master list
b. Guide book
c. Grain loading manual
d. Any of these
3. Who is capable that may exempt individual ships or classes of ship from a particular requirement of the code.
a. Flag state administration
b. SOLAS contracting government
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above